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Changes in Heart Rate Variability Are Associated with Expression of Short-Term and Long-Term Contextual and Cued Fear Memories

Heart physiology is a highly useful indicator for measuring not only physical states, but also emotional changes in animals. Yet changes of heart rate variability during fear conditioning have not been systematically studied in mice. Here, we investigated changes in heart rate and heart rate variabi...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Liu, Jun, Wei, Wei, Kuang, Hui, Zhao, Fang, Tsien, Joe Z.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3646801/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23667644
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063590
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author Liu, Jun
Wei, Wei
Kuang, Hui
Zhao, Fang
Tsien, Joe Z.
author_facet Liu, Jun
Wei, Wei
Kuang, Hui
Zhao, Fang
Tsien, Joe Z.
author_sort Liu, Jun
collection PubMed
description Heart physiology is a highly useful indicator for measuring not only physical states, but also emotional changes in animals. Yet changes of heart rate variability during fear conditioning have not been systematically studied in mice. Here, we investigated changes in heart rate and heart rate variability in both short-term and long-term contextual and cued fear conditioning. We found that while fear conditioning could increase heart rate, the most significant change was the reduction in heart rate variability which could be further divided into two distinct stages: a highly rhythmic phase (stage-I) and a more variable phase (stage-II). We showed that the time duration of the stage-I rhythmic phase were sensitive enough to reflect the transition from short-term to long-term fear memories. Moreover, it could also detect fear extinction effect during the repeated tone recall. These results suggest that heart rate variability is a valuable physiological indicator for sensitively measuring the consolidation and expression of fear memories in mice.
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spelling pubmed-36468012013-05-10 Changes in Heart Rate Variability Are Associated with Expression of Short-Term and Long-Term Contextual and Cued Fear Memories Liu, Jun Wei, Wei Kuang, Hui Zhao, Fang Tsien, Joe Z. PLoS One Research Article Heart physiology is a highly useful indicator for measuring not only physical states, but also emotional changes in animals. Yet changes of heart rate variability during fear conditioning have not been systematically studied in mice. Here, we investigated changes in heart rate and heart rate variability in both short-term and long-term contextual and cued fear conditioning. We found that while fear conditioning could increase heart rate, the most significant change was the reduction in heart rate variability which could be further divided into two distinct stages: a highly rhythmic phase (stage-I) and a more variable phase (stage-II). We showed that the time duration of the stage-I rhythmic phase were sensitive enough to reflect the transition from short-term to long-term fear memories. Moreover, it could also detect fear extinction effect during the repeated tone recall. These results suggest that heart rate variability is a valuable physiological indicator for sensitively measuring the consolidation and expression of fear memories in mice. Public Library of Science 2013-05-07 /pmc/articles/PMC3646801/ /pubmed/23667644 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063590 Text en © 2013 Liu et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Liu, Jun
Wei, Wei
Kuang, Hui
Zhao, Fang
Tsien, Joe Z.
Changes in Heart Rate Variability Are Associated with Expression of Short-Term and Long-Term Contextual and Cued Fear Memories
title Changes in Heart Rate Variability Are Associated with Expression of Short-Term and Long-Term Contextual and Cued Fear Memories
title_full Changes in Heart Rate Variability Are Associated with Expression of Short-Term and Long-Term Contextual and Cued Fear Memories
title_fullStr Changes in Heart Rate Variability Are Associated with Expression of Short-Term and Long-Term Contextual and Cued Fear Memories
title_full_unstemmed Changes in Heart Rate Variability Are Associated with Expression of Short-Term and Long-Term Contextual and Cued Fear Memories
title_short Changes in Heart Rate Variability Are Associated with Expression of Short-Term and Long-Term Contextual and Cued Fear Memories
title_sort changes in heart rate variability are associated with expression of short-term and long-term contextual and cued fear memories
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3646801/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23667644
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063590
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