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Current Views on Genetics and Epigenetics of Cholesterol Gallstone Disease
Cholesterol gallstone disease, one of the commonest digestive diseases in western countries, is induced by an imbalance in cholesterol metabolism, which involves intestinal absorption, hepatic biosynthesis, and biliary output of cholesterol, and its conversion to bile acids. Several components of th...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3649201/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23691293 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/298421 |
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author | Di Ciaula, Agostino Wang, David Q.-H. Bonfrate, Leonilde Portincasa, Piero |
author_facet | Di Ciaula, Agostino Wang, David Q.-H. Bonfrate, Leonilde Portincasa, Piero |
author_sort | Di Ciaula, Agostino |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cholesterol gallstone disease, one of the commonest digestive diseases in western countries, is induced by an imbalance in cholesterol metabolism, which involves intestinal absorption, hepatic biosynthesis, and biliary output of cholesterol, and its conversion to bile acids. Several components of the metabolic syndrome (e.g., obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hyperinsulinemia) are also well-known risk factors for gallstones, suggesting the existence of interplay between common pathophysiological pathways influenced by insulin resistance, genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Cholesterol gallstones may be enhanced, at least in part, by the abnormal expression of a set of the genes that affect cholesterol homeostasis and lead to insulin resistance. Additionally, epigenetic mechanisms (mainly DNA methylation, histone acetylation/deacetylation, and noncoding microRNAs) may modify gene expression in the absence of an altered DNA sequence, in response to different lithogenic environmental stimuli, such as diet, lifestyle, pollutants, also occurring in utero before birth. In this review, we will comment on various steps of the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstones and interaction between environmental and genetic factors. The epigenomic approach may offer new options for therapy of gallstones and better possibilities for primary prevention in subjects at risk. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3649201 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-36492012013-05-20 Current Views on Genetics and Epigenetics of Cholesterol Gallstone Disease Di Ciaula, Agostino Wang, David Q.-H. Bonfrate, Leonilde Portincasa, Piero Cholesterol Review Article Cholesterol gallstone disease, one of the commonest digestive diseases in western countries, is induced by an imbalance in cholesterol metabolism, which involves intestinal absorption, hepatic biosynthesis, and biliary output of cholesterol, and its conversion to bile acids. Several components of the metabolic syndrome (e.g., obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hyperinsulinemia) are also well-known risk factors for gallstones, suggesting the existence of interplay between common pathophysiological pathways influenced by insulin resistance, genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Cholesterol gallstones may be enhanced, at least in part, by the abnormal expression of a set of the genes that affect cholesterol homeostasis and lead to insulin resistance. Additionally, epigenetic mechanisms (mainly DNA methylation, histone acetylation/deacetylation, and noncoding microRNAs) may modify gene expression in the absence of an altered DNA sequence, in response to different lithogenic environmental stimuli, such as diet, lifestyle, pollutants, also occurring in utero before birth. In this review, we will comment on various steps of the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstones and interaction between environmental and genetic factors. The epigenomic approach may offer new options for therapy of gallstones and better possibilities for primary prevention in subjects at risk. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 2013-04-14 /pmc/articles/PMC3649201/ /pubmed/23691293 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/298421 Text en Copyright © 2013 Agostino Di Ciaula et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Di Ciaula, Agostino Wang, David Q.-H. Bonfrate, Leonilde Portincasa, Piero Current Views on Genetics and Epigenetics of Cholesterol Gallstone Disease |
title | Current Views on Genetics and Epigenetics of Cholesterol Gallstone Disease |
title_full | Current Views on Genetics and Epigenetics of Cholesterol Gallstone Disease |
title_fullStr | Current Views on Genetics and Epigenetics of Cholesterol Gallstone Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | Current Views on Genetics and Epigenetics of Cholesterol Gallstone Disease |
title_short | Current Views on Genetics and Epigenetics of Cholesterol Gallstone Disease |
title_sort | current views on genetics and epigenetics of cholesterol gallstone disease |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3649201/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23691293 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/298421 |
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