Upper limb compartment syndrome secondary to streptococcus pyogenes (Group A streptococcus) infection

Compartment syndrome caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A streptococcus) has rarely been described. We report a case of a healthy 44-year-old male who presented with compartment syndrome of the right forearm and subsequent acute respiratory distress syndrome. The patient received antibiotics and urgent surgical decompression, followed by delayed wound closure without the need for skin grafting. The patient recovered with no loss of power, sensation or range of movement. High index of suspicion, early intervention and excellent post-operative management were essential in recovery.