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Monocyte Function in the Fetus and the Preterm Neonate: Immaturity Combined with Functional Impairment
It is well known that the innate immunity system, involving the contribution of monocytes and macrophages, may dysfunction in fetuses and preterm neonates. Monocytes are capable of differentiating into dendritic cells (DCs) or into mucosal macrophages during certain infections and of producing infla...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3649711/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23690669 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/753752 |
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author | Iliodromiti, Zoe Anastasiadis, Anastasis Varras, Michail Pappa, Kalliopi I. Siristatidis, Charalambos Bakoulas, Vassilios Mastorakos, George Vrachnis, Nikolaos |
author_facet | Iliodromiti, Zoe Anastasiadis, Anastasis Varras, Michail Pappa, Kalliopi I. Siristatidis, Charalambos Bakoulas, Vassilios Mastorakos, George Vrachnis, Nikolaos |
author_sort | Iliodromiti, Zoe |
collection | PubMed |
description | It is well known that the innate immunity system, involving the contribution of monocytes and macrophages, may dysfunction in fetuses and preterm neonates. Monocytes are capable of differentiating into dendritic cells (DCs) or into mucosal macrophages during certain infections and of producing inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha), nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species. Fetuses as well as neonates are prone to infections as a result of a defective mechanism within the above mononuclear system. Monocyte function in fetuses and preterm neonates depends on the phagocytic and oxidative capacity of macrophages and their antigen-adhesion ability. Functional rather than anatomical impairment is probably the underlying cause, while a defective production of cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6 (Interleukin 6), IL-1β (Interleukin 1 beta), and G-CSF (Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor), has also been involved. The insufficient production of the above inflammatory mediators and the phenomenon of endotoxin intolerance, which latter occurs during entry of any antigen into the premature neonate, place preterm neonates at higher risk for infections. Existing research data are herein presented which, however, are deficient and fragmental, this accounting for the fact that the precise pathophysiology of these disturbances is not yet fully clarified. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3649711 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-36497112013-05-20 Monocyte Function in the Fetus and the Preterm Neonate: Immaturity Combined with Functional Impairment Iliodromiti, Zoe Anastasiadis, Anastasis Varras, Michail Pappa, Kalliopi I. Siristatidis, Charalambos Bakoulas, Vassilios Mastorakos, George Vrachnis, Nikolaos Mediators Inflamm Review Article It is well known that the innate immunity system, involving the contribution of monocytes and macrophages, may dysfunction in fetuses and preterm neonates. Monocytes are capable of differentiating into dendritic cells (DCs) or into mucosal macrophages during certain infections and of producing inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha), nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species. Fetuses as well as neonates are prone to infections as a result of a defective mechanism within the above mononuclear system. Monocyte function in fetuses and preterm neonates depends on the phagocytic and oxidative capacity of macrophages and their antigen-adhesion ability. Functional rather than anatomical impairment is probably the underlying cause, while a defective production of cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6 (Interleukin 6), IL-1β (Interleukin 1 beta), and G-CSF (Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor), has also been involved. The insufficient production of the above inflammatory mediators and the phenomenon of endotoxin intolerance, which latter occurs during entry of any antigen into the premature neonate, place preterm neonates at higher risk for infections. Existing research data are herein presented which, however, are deficient and fragmental, this accounting for the fact that the precise pathophysiology of these disturbances is not yet fully clarified. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 2013-04-09 /pmc/articles/PMC3649711/ /pubmed/23690669 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/753752 Text en Copyright © 2013 Zoe Iliodromiti et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Iliodromiti, Zoe Anastasiadis, Anastasis Varras, Michail Pappa, Kalliopi I. Siristatidis, Charalambos Bakoulas, Vassilios Mastorakos, George Vrachnis, Nikolaos Monocyte Function in the Fetus and the Preterm Neonate: Immaturity Combined with Functional Impairment |
title | Monocyte Function in the Fetus and the Preterm Neonate: Immaturity Combined with Functional Impairment |
title_full | Monocyte Function in the Fetus and the Preterm Neonate: Immaturity Combined with Functional Impairment |
title_fullStr | Monocyte Function in the Fetus and the Preterm Neonate: Immaturity Combined with Functional Impairment |
title_full_unstemmed | Monocyte Function in the Fetus and the Preterm Neonate: Immaturity Combined with Functional Impairment |
title_short | Monocyte Function in the Fetus and the Preterm Neonate: Immaturity Combined with Functional Impairment |
title_sort | monocyte function in the fetus and the preterm neonate: immaturity combined with functional impairment |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3649711/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23690669 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/753752 |
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