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Smoking and Risk of Kidney Failure in the Singapore Chinese Health Study
BACKGROUND: The relationship between smoking and risk of kidney failure, especially in people of Chinese origin, is not clear. We analyzed data from the Singapore Chinese Health Study to investigate whether smoking increases the risk of kidney failure. METHODS: The Singapore Chinese Health Study is...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3650019/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23671645 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062962 |
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author | Jin, Aizhen Koh, Woon-Puay Chow, Khuan Yew Yuan, Jian-Min Jafar, Tazeen Hasan |
author_facet | Jin, Aizhen Koh, Woon-Puay Chow, Khuan Yew Yuan, Jian-Min Jafar, Tazeen Hasan |
author_sort | Jin, Aizhen |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The relationship between smoking and risk of kidney failure, especially in people of Chinese origin, is not clear. We analyzed data from the Singapore Chinese Health Study to investigate whether smoking increases the risk of kidney failure. METHODS: The Singapore Chinese Health Study is a population-based cohort of 63,257 Chinese adults enrolled between 1993 and 1998. Information on smoking status was collected at baseline. Incidence of kidney failure was identified via record linkage with the nationwide Singapore Renal Registry until 2008. Kidney failure was defined by one of the following: 1) serum creatinine level of more than or equal to 500 µmol/l (5.7 mg/dl), 2) estimated glomerular filtration rate of less than 15 ml/min/1.73 m(2), 3) undergoing hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, 4) undergone kidney transplantation. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed for the outcome of kidney failure after adjusting for age, education, dialect, herbal medications, body mass index, sex, physician-diagnosed hypertension and diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: The mean age of subjects was 55.6 years at baseline, and 44% were men. Overall 30.6% were ever smokers (current or former) at baseline. A total of 674 incident cases of kidney failure occurred during a median follow-up of 13.3 years. Among men, smokers had a significant increase in the adjusted risk of kidney failure [hazard ratio (HR): 1.29; 95% CI: 1.02–1.64] compared to never smokers. There was a strong dose-dependent association between number of years of smoking and kidney failure, (p for trend = 0.011). The risk decreased with prolonged cessation (quitting ≥10 years since baseline). The number of women smokers was too few for conclusive relationship. LIMITATION: Information on baseline kidney function was not available. CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smoking is associated with increased risk of kidney failure among Chinese men. The risk appears to be dose- and duration-dependent and modifiable after long duration of cessation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3650019 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-36500192013-05-13 Smoking and Risk of Kidney Failure in the Singapore Chinese Health Study Jin, Aizhen Koh, Woon-Puay Chow, Khuan Yew Yuan, Jian-Min Jafar, Tazeen Hasan PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: The relationship between smoking and risk of kidney failure, especially in people of Chinese origin, is not clear. We analyzed data from the Singapore Chinese Health Study to investigate whether smoking increases the risk of kidney failure. METHODS: The Singapore Chinese Health Study is a population-based cohort of 63,257 Chinese adults enrolled between 1993 and 1998. Information on smoking status was collected at baseline. Incidence of kidney failure was identified via record linkage with the nationwide Singapore Renal Registry until 2008. Kidney failure was defined by one of the following: 1) serum creatinine level of more than or equal to 500 µmol/l (5.7 mg/dl), 2) estimated glomerular filtration rate of less than 15 ml/min/1.73 m(2), 3) undergoing hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, 4) undergone kidney transplantation. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed for the outcome of kidney failure after adjusting for age, education, dialect, herbal medications, body mass index, sex, physician-diagnosed hypertension and diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: The mean age of subjects was 55.6 years at baseline, and 44% were men. Overall 30.6% were ever smokers (current or former) at baseline. A total of 674 incident cases of kidney failure occurred during a median follow-up of 13.3 years. Among men, smokers had a significant increase in the adjusted risk of kidney failure [hazard ratio (HR): 1.29; 95% CI: 1.02–1.64] compared to never smokers. There was a strong dose-dependent association between number of years of smoking and kidney failure, (p for trend = 0.011). The risk decreased with prolonged cessation (quitting ≥10 years since baseline). The number of women smokers was too few for conclusive relationship. LIMITATION: Information on baseline kidney function was not available. CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smoking is associated with increased risk of kidney failure among Chinese men. The risk appears to be dose- and duration-dependent and modifiable after long duration of cessation. Public Library of Science 2013-05-09 /pmc/articles/PMC3650019/ /pubmed/23671645 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062962 Text en © 2013 Jin et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Jin, Aizhen Koh, Woon-Puay Chow, Khuan Yew Yuan, Jian-Min Jafar, Tazeen Hasan Smoking and Risk of Kidney Failure in the Singapore Chinese Health Study |
title | Smoking and Risk of Kidney Failure in the Singapore Chinese Health Study |
title_full | Smoking and Risk of Kidney Failure in the Singapore Chinese Health Study |
title_fullStr | Smoking and Risk of Kidney Failure in the Singapore Chinese Health Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Smoking and Risk of Kidney Failure in the Singapore Chinese Health Study |
title_short | Smoking and Risk of Kidney Failure in the Singapore Chinese Health Study |
title_sort | smoking and risk of kidney failure in the singapore chinese health study |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3650019/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23671645 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062962 |
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