Cargando…

Increased Long-Flight Activity Triggered in Beet Armyworm by Larval Feeding on Diet Containing Cry1Ac Protoxin

Evaluating ecological safety and conducting pest risk analysis for transgenic crops are vitally important before their commercial planting. The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, a long-distance migratory insect pest, is not a direct target of transgenic Cry1Ac-expressing cotton in China, but neverth...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Jiang, Xing Fu, Chen, Jian, Zhang, Lei, Sappington, Thomas W., Luo, Li Zhi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3652841/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23675489
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063554
_version_ 1782269363137544192
author Jiang, Xing Fu
Chen, Jian
Zhang, Lei
Sappington, Thomas W.
Luo, Li Zhi
author_facet Jiang, Xing Fu
Chen, Jian
Zhang, Lei
Sappington, Thomas W.
Luo, Li Zhi
author_sort Jiang, Xing Fu
collection PubMed
description Evaluating ecological safety and conducting pest risk analysis for transgenic crops are vitally important before their commercial planting. The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, a long-distance migratory insect pest, is not a direct target of transgenic Cry1Ac-expressing cotton in China, but nevertheless it has recently become an important pest. Migrants leaving their natal field arrive in other appropriate habitat far away in a short time, often followed by larval outbreaks. S. exigua has low susceptibility to Cry1Ac. However, our results from laboratory experiments identified (i) sublethal effects of Cry1Ac protoxin on larval development rate, larval and pupal weight, and adult lifetime fecundity, and (ii) increased long-flight behavior triggered by Cry1Ac which may contribute to larval outbreaks elsewhere. No significant differences in larval mortality, pupation rate, adult emergence rate, longevity, pre-oviposition period, or oviposition period were observed between controls and larvae fed on artificial diet incorporating a low concentration of Cry1Ac protoxin. The negative sublethal effects on some developmental and reproductive traits and lack of effect on others suggest they do not contribute to the observed severity of S. exigua outbreaks after feeding on Cry1Ac cotton. Interestingly, the percentage of long fliers increased significantly when larvae were reared on diet containing either of two low-dose treatments of Cry1Ac, suggesting a possible increased propensity to disperse long distances triggered by Cry1Ac. We hypothesize that negative effects on development and reproduction caused by Cry1Ac in the diet are offset by increased flight propensity triggered by the poor food conditions, thereby improving the chances of escaping adverse local conditions before oviposition. Increased long-flight propensity in turn may amplify the area damaged by outbreak populations. This phenomenon might be common in other migratory insect pests receiving sublethal doses of Bt toxins and warrants further study.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-3652841
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2013
publisher Public Library of Science
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-36528412013-05-14 Increased Long-Flight Activity Triggered in Beet Armyworm by Larval Feeding on Diet Containing Cry1Ac Protoxin Jiang, Xing Fu Chen, Jian Zhang, Lei Sappington, Thomas W. Luo, Li Zhi PLoS One Research Article Evaluating ecological safety and conducting pest risk analysis for transgenic crops are vitally important before their commercial planting. The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, a long-distance migratory insect pest, is not a direct target of transgenic Cry1Ac-expressing cotton in China, but nevertheless it has recently become an important pest. Migrants leaving their natal field arrive in other appropriate habitat far away in a short time, often followed by larval outbreaks. S. exigua has low susceptibility to Cry1Ac. However, our results from laboratory experiments identified (i) sublethal effects of Cry1Ac protoxin on larval development rate, larval and pupal weight, and adult lifetime fecundity, and (ii) increased long-flight behavior triggered by Cry1Ac which may contribute to larval outbreaks elsewhere. No significant differences in larval mortality, pupation rate, adult emergence rate, longevity, pre-oviposition period, or oviposition period were observed between controls and larvae fed on artificial diet incorporating a low concentration of Cry1Ac protoxin. The negative sublethal effects on some developmental and reproductive traits and lack of effect on others suggest they do not contribute to the observed severity of S. exigua outbreaks after feeding on Cry1Ac cotton. Interestingly, the percentage of long fliers increased significantly when larvae were reared on diet containing either of two low-dose treatments of Cry1Ac, suggesting a possible increased propensity to disperse long distances triggered by Cry1Ac. We hypothesize that negative effects on development and reproduction caused by Cry1Ac in the diet are offset by increased flight propensity triggered by the poor food conditions, thereby improving the chances of escaping adverse local conditions before oviposition. Increased long-flight propensity in turn may amplify the area damaged by outbreak populations. This phenomenon might be common in other migratory insect pests receiving sublethal doses of Bt toxins and warrants further study. Public Library of Science 2013-05-13 /pmc/articles/PMC3652841/ /pubmed/23675489 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063554 Text en © 2013 Jiang et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Jiang, Xing Fu
Chen, Jian
Zhang, Lei
Sappington, Thomas W.
Luo, Li Zhi
Increased Long-Flight Activity Triggered in Beet Armyworm by Larval Feeding on Diet Containing Cry1Ac Protoxin
title Increased Long-Flight Activity Triggered in Beet Armyworm by Larval Feeding on Diet Containing Cry1Ac Protoxin
title_full Increased Long-Flight Activity Triggered in Beet Armyworm by Larval Feeding on Diet Containing Cry1Ac Protoxin
title_fullStr Increased Long-Flight Activity Triggered in Beet Armyworm by Larval Feeding on Diet Containing Cry1Ac Protoxin
title_full_unstemmed Increased Long-Flight Activity Triggered in Beet Armyworm by Larval Feeding on Diet Containing Cry1Ac Protoxin
title_short Increased Long-Flight Activity Triggered in Beet Armyworm by Larval Feeding on Diet Containing Cry1Ac Protoxin
title_sort increased long-flight activity triggered in beet armyworm by larval feeding on diet containing cry1ac protoxin
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3652841/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23675489
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063554
work_keys_str_mv AT jiangxingfu increasedlongflightactivitytriggeredinbeetarmywormbylarvalfeedingondietcontainingcry1acprotoxin
AT chenjian increasedlongflightactivitytriggeredinbeetarmywormbylarvalfeedingondietcontainingcry1acprotoxin
AT zhanglei increasedlongflightactivitytriggeredinbeetarmywormbylarvalfeedingondietcontainingcry1acprotoxin
AT sappingtonthomasw increasedlongflightactivitytriggeredinbeetarmywormbylarvalfeedingondietcontainingcry1acprotoxin
AT luolizhi increasedlongflightactivitytriggeredinbeetarmywormbylarvalfeedingondietcontainingcry1acprotoxin