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Different Immunological Phenotypes Associated with Preserved CD4+ T Cell Counts in HIV-Infected Controllers and Viremic Long Term Non-Progressors

BACKGROUND: HIV-infected controllers control viral replication and maintain normal CD4+ T cell counts. Long Term Non-Progressors (LTNP) also maintain normal CD4+ T cell counts, but have on-going viral replication. We hypothesized that different immunological mechanisms are responsible for preserved...

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Autores principales: Gaardbo, Julie Christine, Hartling, Hans J., Ronit, Andreas, Thorsteinsson, Kristina, Madsen, Hans Ole, Springborg, Karoline, Gjerdrum, Lise Mette Rahbek, Birch, Carsten, Laye, Matthew, Ullum, Henrik, Andersen, Åse Bengaard, Nielsen, Susanne Dam
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3655944/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23696852
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063744
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author Gaardbo, Julie Christine
Hartling, Hans J.
Ronit, Andreas
Thorsteinsson, Kristina
Madsen, Hans Ole
Springborg, Karoline
Gjerdrum, Lise Mette Rahbek
Birch, Carsten
Laye, Matthew
Ullum, Henrik
Andersen, Åse Bengaard
Nielsen, Susanne Dam
author_facet Gaardbo, Julie Christine
Hartling, Hans J.
Ronit, Andreas
Thorsteinsson, Kristina
Madsen, Hans Ole
Springborg, Karoline
Gjerdrum, Lise Mette Rahbek
Birch, Carsten
Laye, Matthew
Ullum, Henrik
Andersen, Åse Bengaard
Nielsen, Susanne Dam
author_sort Gaardbo, Julie Christine
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: HIV-infected controllers control viral replication and maintain normal CD4+ T cell counts. Long Term Non-Progressors (LTNP) also maintain normal CD4+ T cell counts, but have on-going viral replication. We hypothesized that different immunological mechanisms are responsible for preserved CD4+ T cell counts in controllers and LTNP. METHODS: 25 HIV-infected controllers and 14 LTNP were included in this cross-sectional study. For comparison, 25 progressors and 34 healthy controls were included. Production and destruction of T cells were addressed by determination of T cell receptor excision circles (TREC), recent thymic emigrants, naïve cells, immune activation, senescence and apoptosis. Furthermore, telomere length was determined, and the amount of lymphoid tissue in tonsil biopsies was quantified. RESULTS: Controllers presented with partly preserved thymic output, preserved expression of the IL-7 receptor and IL-7 receptor density, and lower levels of destruction of cells than progressors resembling HIV-negative healthy controls. In contrast, LTNP appeared much like progressors, and different from controllers in immune activation, senescence, and apoptosis. Interestingly, CD8+ RTE, TREC and telomere length were partly preserved. Finally, both controllers and LTNP displayed decreased amounts of lymphoid tissue compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: Controllers presented with an immunological profile different from LTNP. While controllers resembled healthy controls, LTNP were similar to progressors, suggesting different immunological mechanisms to be responsible for preserved CD4+ T cell counts in LTNP and controllers. However, both controllers and LTNP presented with reduced amounts of lymphoid tissue despite preserved CD4+ T cell counts, indicating HIV to cause damage even in non-progressors.
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spelling pubmed-36559442013-05-21 Different Immunological Phenotypes Associated with Preserved CD4+ T Cell Counts in HIV-Infected Controllers and Viremic Long Term Non-Progressors Gaardbo, Julie Christine Hartling, Hans J. Ronit, Andreas Thorsteinsson, Kristina Madsen, Hans Ole Springborg, Karoline Gjerdrum, Lise Mette Rahbek Birch, Carsten Laye, Matthew Ullum, Henrik Andersen, Åse Bengaard Nielsen, Susanne Dam PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: HIV-infected controllers control viral replication and maintain normal CD4+ T cell counts. Long Term Non-Progressors (LTNP) also maintain normal CD4+ T cell counts, but have on-going viral replication. We hypothesized that different immunological mechanisms are responsible for preserved CD4+ T cell counts in controllers and LTNP. METHODS: 25 HIV-infected controllers and 14 LTNP were included in this cross-sectional study. For comparison, 25 progressors and 34 healthy controls were included. Production and destruction of T cells were addressed by determination of T cell receptor excision circles (TREC), recent thymic emigrants, naïve cells, immune activation, senescence and apoptosis. Furthermore, telomere length was determined, and the amount of lymphoid tissue in tonsil biopsies was quantified. RESULTS: Controllers presented with partly preserved thymic output, preserved expression of the IL-7 receptor and IL-7 receptor density, and lower levels of destruction of cells than progressors resembling HIV-negative healthy controls. In contrast, LTNP appeared much like progressors, and different from controllers in immune activation, senescence, and apoptosis. Interestingly, CD8+ RTE, TREC and telomere length were partly preserved. Finally, both controllers and LTNP displayed decreased amounts of lymphoid tissue compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: Controllers presented with an immunological profile different from LTNP. While controllers resembled healthy controls, LTNP were similar to progressors, suggesting different immunological mechanisms to be responsible for preserved CD4+ T cell counts in LTNP and controllers. However, both controllers and LTNP presented with reduced amounts of lymphoid tissue despite preserved CD4+ T cell counts, indicating HIV to cause damage even in non-progressors. Public Library of Science 2013-05-16 /pmc/articles/PMC3655944/ /pubmed/23696852 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063744 Text en © 2013 Gaardbo et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Gaardbo, Julie Christine
Hartling, Hans J.
Ronit, Andreas
Thorsteinsson, Kristina
Madsen, Hans Ole
Springborg, Karoline
Gjerdrum, Lise Mette Rahbek
Birch, Carsten
Laye, Matthew
Ullum, Henrik
Andersen, Åse Bengaard
Nielsen, Susanne Dam
Different Immunological Phenotypes Associated with Preserved CD4+ T Cell Counts in HIV-Infected Controllers and Viremic Long Term Non-Progressors
title Different Immunological Phenotypes Associated with Preserved CD4+ T Cell Counts in HIV-Infected Controllers and Viremic Long Term Non-Progressors
title_full Different Immunological Phenotypes Associated with Preserved CD4+ T Cell Counts in HIV-Infected Controllers and Viremic Long Term Non-Progressors
title_fullStr Different Immunological Phenotypes Associated with Preserved CD4+ T Cell Counts in HIV-Infected Controllers and Viremic Long Term Non-Progressors
title_full_unstemmed Different Immunological Phenotypes Associated with Preserved CD4+ T Cell Counts in HIV-Infected Controllers and Viremic Long Term Non-Progressors
title_short Different Immunological Phenotypes Associated with Preserved CD4+ T Cell Counts in HIV-Infected Controllers and Viremic Long Term Non-Progressors
title_sort different immunological phenotypes associated with preserved cd4+ t cell counts in hiv-infected controllers and viremic long term non-progressors
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3655944/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23696852
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063744
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