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Contactless Impedance Sensors and Their Application to Flow Measurements
The paper provides a critical discussion of the present state of the theory of high-frequency impedance sensors (now mostly called contactless impedance or conductivity sensors), the principal approaches employed in designing impedance flow-through cells and their operational parameters. In addition...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3658714/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23447011 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s130302786 |
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author | Opekar, František Tůma, Petr Štulík, Karel |
author_facet | Opekar, František Tůma, Petr Štulík, Karel |
author_sort | Opekar, František |
collection | PubMed |
description | The paper provides a critical discussion of the present state of the theory of high-frequency impedance sensors (now mostly called contactless impedance or conductivity sensors), the principal approaches employed in designing impedance flow-through cells and their operational parameters. In addition to characterization of traditional types of impedance sensors, the article is concerned with the use of less common sensors, such as cells with wire electrodes or planar cells. There is a detailed discussion of the effect of the individual operational parameters (width and shape of the electrodes, detection gap, frequency and amplitude of the input signal) on the response of the detector. The most important problems to be resolved in coupling these devices with flow-through measurements in the liquid phase are also discussed. Examples are given of cell designs for continuous flow and flow-injection analyses and of detection systems for miniaturized liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. New directions for the use of these sensors in molecular biology and chemical reactors and some directions for future development are outlined. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3658714 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-36587142013-05-30 Contactless Impedance Sensors and Their Application to Flow Measurements Opekar, František Tůma, Petr Štulík, Karel Sensors (Basel) Review The paper provides a critical discussion of the present state of the theory of high-frequency impedance sensors (now mostly called contactless impedance or conductivity sensors), the principal approaches employed in designing impedance flow-through cells and their operational parameters. In addition to characterization of traditional types of impedance sensors, the article is concerned with the use of less common sensors, such as cells with wire electrodes or planar cells. There is a detailed discussion of the effect of the individual operational parameters (width and shape of the electrodes, detection gap, frequency and amplitude of the input signal) on the response of the detector. The most important problems to be resolved in coupling these devices with flow-through measurements in the liquid phase are also discussed. Examples are given of cell designs for continuous flow and flow-injection analyses and of detection systems for miniaturized liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. New directions for the use of these sensors in molecular biology and chemical reactors and some directions for future development are outlined. Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) 2013-02-27 /pmc/articles/PMC3658714/ /pubmed/23447011 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s130302786 Text en © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Opekar, František Tůma, Petr Štulík, Karel Contactless Impedance Sensors and Their Application to Flow Measurements |
title | Contactless Impedance Sensors and Their Application to Flow Measurements |
title_full | Contactless Impedance Sensors and Their Application to Flow Measurements |
title_fullStr | Contactless Impedance Sensors and Their Application to Flow Measurements |
title_full_unstemmed | Contactless Impedance Sensors and Their Application to Flow Measurements |
title_short | Contactless Impedance Sensors and Their Application to Flow Measurements |
title_sort | contactless impedance sensors and their application to flow measurements |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3658714/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23447011 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s130302786 |
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