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Fermentation metabolism and its evolution in algae

Fermentation or anoxic metabolism allows unicellular organisms to colonize environments that become anoxic. Free-living unicellular algae capable of a photoautotrophic lifestyle can also use a range of metabolic circuitry associated with different branches of fermentation metabolism. While algae tha...

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Autores principales: Catalanotti, Claudia, Yang, Wenqiang, Posewitz, Matthew C., Grossman, Arthur R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3660698/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23734158
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2013.00150
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author Catalanotti, Claudia
Yang, Wenqiang
Posewitz, Matthew C.
Grossman, Arthur R.
author_facet Catalanotti, Claudia
Yang, Wenqiang
Posewitz, Matthew C.
Grossman, Arthur R.
author_sort Catalanotti, Claudia
collection PubMed
description Fermentation or anoxic metabolism allows unicellular organisms to colonize environments that become anoxic. Free-living unicellular algae capable of a photoautotrophic lifestyle can also use a range of metabolic circuitry associated with different branches of fermentation metabolism. While algae that perform mixed-acid fermentation are widespread, the use of anaerobic respiration is more typical of eukaryotic heterotrophs. The occurrence of a core set of fermentation pathways among the algae provides insights into the evolutionary origins of these pathways, which were likely derived from a common ancestral eukaryote. Based on genomic, transcriptomic, and biochemical studies, anaerobic energy metabolism has been examined in more detail in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlamydomonas) than in any other photosynthetic protist. This green alga is metabolically flexible and can sustain energy generation and maintain cellular redox balance under a variety of different environmental conditions. Fermentation metabolism in Chlamydomonas appears to be highly controlled, and the flexible use of the different branches of fermentation metabolism has been demonstrated in studies of various metabolic mutants. Additionally, when Chlamydomonas ferments polysaccharides, it has the ability to eliminate part of the reductant (to sustain glycolysis) through the production of H(2), a molecule that can be developed as a source of renewable energy. To date, little is known about the specific role(s) of the different branches of fermentation metabolism, how photosynthetic eukaryotes sense changes in environmental O(2) levels, and the mechanisms involved in controlling these responses, at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In this review, we focus on fermentation metabolism in Chlamydomonas and other protists, with only a brief discussion of plant fermentation when relevant, since it is thoroughly discussed in other articles in this volume.
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spelling pubmed-36606982013-06-03 Fermentation metabolism and its evolution in algae Catalanotti, Claudia Yang, Wenqiang Posewitz, Matthew C. Grossman, Arthur R. Front Plant Sci Plant Science Fermentation or anoxic metabolism allows unicellular organisms to colonize environments that become anoxic. Free-living unicellular algae capable of a photoautotrophic lifestyle can also use a range of metabolic circuitry associated with different branches of fermentation metabolism. While algae that perform mixed-acid fermentation are widespread, the use of anaerobic respiration is more typical of eukaryotic heterotrophs. The occurrence of a core set of fermentation pathways among the algae provides insights into the evolutionary origins of these pathways, which were likely derived from a common ancestral eukaryote. Based on genomic, transcriptomic, and biochemical studies, anaerobic energy metabolism has been examined in more detail in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlamydomonas) than in any other photosynthetic protist. This green alga is metabolically flexible and can sustain energy generation and maintain cellular redox balance under a variety of different environmental conditions. Fermentation metabolism in Chlamydomonas appears to be highly controlled, and the flexible use of the different branches of fermentation metabolism has been demonstrated in studies of various metabolic mutants. Additionally, when Chlamydomonas ferments polysaccharides, it has the ability to eliminate part of the reductant (to sustain glycolysis) through the production of H(2), a molecule that can be developed as a source of renewable energy. To date, little is known about the specific role(s) of the different branches of fermentation metabolism, how photosynthetic eukaryotes sense changes in environmental O(2) levels, and the mechanisms involved in controlling these responses, at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In this review, we focus on fermentation metabolism in Chlamydomonas and other protists, with only a brief discussion of plant fermentation when relevant, since it is thoroughly discussed in other articles in this volume. Frontiers Media S.A. 2013-05-22 /pmc/articles/PMC3660698/ /pubmed/23734158 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2013.00150 Text en Copyright © Catalanotti, Yang, Posewitz and Grossman. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and subject to any copyright notices concerning any third-party graphics etc.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Catalanotti, Claudia
Yang, Wenqiang
Posewitz, Matthew C.
Grossman, Arthur R.
Fermentation metabolism and its evolution in algae
title Fermentation metabolism and its evolution in algae
title_full Fermentation metabolism and its evolution in algae
title_fullStr Fermentation metabolism and its evolution in algae
title_full_unstemmed Fermentation metabolism and its evolution in algae
title_short Fermentation metabolism and its evolution in algae
title_sort fermentation metabolism and its evolution in algae
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3660698/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23734158
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2013.00150
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