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Effects of Type 2 Diabetes on 12-Year Cognitive Change: Results from the Maastricht Aging Study

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of baseline and incident diabetes on change in cognitive function over 12 years. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A sample of 1,290 individuals aged ≥40 years at baseline, participating in the Maastricht Aging Study, were cognitively tested at baseline, after 6 years, a...

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Autores principales: Spauwen, Peggy J.J., Köhler, Sebastian, Verhey, Frans R.J., Stehouwer, Coen D.A., van Boxtel, Martin P.J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Diabetes Association 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3661848/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23275366
http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc12-0746
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author Spauwen, Peggy J.J.
Köhler, Sebastian
Verhey, Frans R.J.
Stehouwer, Coen D.A.
van Boxtel, Martin P.J.
author_facet Spauwen, Peggy J.J.
Köhler, Sebastian
Verhey, Frans R.J.
Stehouwer, Coen D.A.
van Boxtel, Martin P.J.
author_sort Spauwen, Peggy J.J.
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of baseline and incident diabetes on change in cognitive function over 12 years. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A sample of 1,290 individuals aged ≥40 years at baseline, participating in the Maastricht Aging Study, were cognitively tested at baseline, after 6 years, and after 12 years. Of these, 68 participants had type 2 diabetes at baseline, and 54 and 57 had incident diabetes at the 6- and 12-year follow-up, respectively. Changes in performance on tests of information-processing speed, executive function, and verbal memory from baseline to 6- and 12-year follow-up were compared between groups using linear mixed models. Effects of diabetes on cognitive decline were adjusted for demographic variables, history of smoking, alcohol intake, and comorbid conditions, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, BMI, and depression. RESULTS: Participants with baseline diabetes showed larger decline in information-processing speed (estimate −7.64; P < 0.01), executive function (21.82; P < 0.01), and delayed word recall (−1.35; P < 0.05) over the 12-year follow-up compared with control subjects. No significant difference in decline was observed for immediate word recall. Compared with control subjects, participants with incident diabetes showed subtle early decline in information-processing speed only. Interestingly, they did not show larger decline in any other cognitive domain. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with baseline type 2 diabetes show accelerated cognitive decline, particularly in information-processing speed and executive function, compared with individuals without diabetes. In incident diabetes, decline in speed becomes detectable first, and cognitive decline seems to increase with increasing exposure time.
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spelling pubmed-36618482014-06-01 Effects of Type 2 Diabetes on 12-Year Cognitive Change: Results from the Maastricht Aging Study Spauwen, Peggy J.J. Köhler, Sebastian Verhey, Frans R.J. Stehouwer, Coen D.A. van Boxtel, Martin P.J. Diabetes Care Original Research OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of baseline and incident diabetes on change in cognitive function over 12 years. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A sample of 1,290 individuals aged ≥40 years at baseline, participating in the Maastricht Aging Study, were cognitively tested at baseline, after 6 years, and after 12 years. Of these, 68 participants had type 2 diabetes at baseline, and 54 and 57 had incident diabetes at the 6- and 12-year follow-up, respectively. Changes in performance on tests of information-processing speed, executive function, and verbal memory from baseline to 6- and 12-year follow-up were compared between groups using linear mixed models. Effects of diabetes on cognitive decline were adjusted for demographic variables, history of smoking, alcohol intake, and comorbid conditions, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, BMI, and depression. RESULTS: Participants with baseline diabetes showed larger decline in information-processing speed (estimate −7.64; P < 0.01), executive function (21.82; P < 0.01), and delayed word recall (−1.35; P < 0.05) over the 12-year follow-up compared with control subjects. No significant difference in decline was observed for immediate word recall. Compared with control subjects, participants with incident diabetes showed subtle early decline in information-processing speed only. Interestingly, they did not show larger decline in any other cognitive domain. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with baseline type 2 diabetes show accelerated cognitive decline, particularly in information-processing speed and executive function, compared with individuals without diabetes. In incident diabetes, decline in speed becomes detectable first, and cognitive decline seems to increase with increasing exposure time. American Diabetes Association 2013-06 2013-05-15 /pmc/articles/PMC3661848/ /pubmed/23275366 http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc12-0746 Text en © 2013 by the American Diabetes Association. Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ for details.
spellingShingle Original Research
Spauwen, Peggy J.J.
Köhler, Sebastian
Verhey, Frans R.J.
Stehouwer, Coen D.A.
van Boxtel, Martin P.J.
Effects of Type 2 Diabetes on 12-Year Cognitive Change: Results from the Maastricht Aging Study
title Effects of Type 2 Diabetes on 12-Year Cognitive Change: Results from the Maastricht Aging Study
title_full Effects of Type 2 Diabetes on 12-Year Cognitive Change: Results from the Maastricht Aging Study
title_fullStr Effects of Type 2 Diabetes on 12-Year Cognitive Change: Results from the Maastricht Aging Study
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Type 2 Diabetes on 12-Year Cognitive Change: Results from the Maastricht Aging Study
title_short Effects of Type 2 Diabetes on 12-Year Cognitive Change: Results from the Maastricht Aging Study
title_sort effects of type 2 diabetes on 12-year cognitive change: results from the maastricht aging study
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3661848/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23275366
http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc12-0746
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