Development and Demonstration of Measurement-Time Efficient Methods for Impedance Spectroscopy of Electrode and Sensor Arrays

The development of impedance-based array devices is hindered by a lack of robust platforms and methods upon which to evaluate and interrogate sensors. One aspect to be addressed is the development of measurement-time efficient techniques for broadband impedance spectroscopy of large electrode arrays. The objective of this work was to substantially increase the low frequency impedance measurement throughput capability of a large channel count array analyzer by developing true parallel measurement methods. The goal was achieved by Fourier transform-based analysis of simultaneously-acquired multi-channel time-based current and voltage data. Efficacy and quantitative analysis of the parallel approach at frequencies less than ca. 10 Hz as well as a combined sequential + parallel approach for efficient broadband impedance spectroscopy over 5-orders of magnitude in frequency is demonstrated through complex impedance measurement of arrays consisting of up to 100 elements.