The G protein regulator AGS-3 allows C. elegans to alter behaviors in response to food deprivation

Behavioral responses to food deprivation are a fundamental aspect of nervous system function in all animals. In humans, these behavioral responses prevent dieting from being an effective remedy for obesity. Several signaling molecules in the mammalian brain act through G proteins of the Gα(i/o) family to mediate responses to food restriction. The mechanisms for neural response to food deprivation may be conserved across species, allowing the power of genetic model organisms to generate insights relevant to the problem of human obesity. In a recent study, we found that C. elegans uses Gα(o) signaling to mediate a number of behavioral changes that occur after food deprivation. Food deprivation causes biochemical changes in the G Protein Regulator (GPR) domain protein AGS-3 and AGS-3, together with the guanine nucleotide exchange factor RIC-8, activates Gα(o) signaling to alter food-seeking behavior. These proteins are all conserved in the human brain. Thus the study of behavioral responses to food deprivation in C. elegans may reveal the details of conserved molecular mechanisms underlying neural responses to food deprivation.