Inhibition of ROS-Activated p38MAPK Pathway is Involved in the Protective Effect of H(2)S Against Chemical Hypoxia-Induced Inflammation in PC12 Cells

We have demonstrated the neuroprotection of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) against chemical hypoxia-induced injury by inhibiting p38MAPK pathway. The present study attempts to evaluate the effect of H(2)S on chemical hypoxia-induced inflammation responses and its mechanisms in PC12 cells. We found that treatment of PC12 cells with cobalt chloride (CoCl(2), a hypoxia mimetic agent) enhanced IL-6 secretion, nitric oxide (NO) generation and expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). L-canavanine, a selective iNOS inhibitor, partly blocked CoCl(2)-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis and mitochondrial insult. In addition, 7-Nitroindazole (7-NI), an inhibitor of nNOS, also partly attenuated the CoCl(2)-induced cytotoxicity. The inhibition of p38MAPK by SB203580 (a selective p38MAPK inhibitor) or genetic silencing of p38MAPK by RNAi (Si-p38) depressed not only CoCl(2)-induced iNOS expression, NO production, but also IL-6 secretion. In addition, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, conferred a similar protective effect of SB203580 or Si-p38 against CoCl(2)-induced inflammatory responses. Importantly, pretreatment of PC12 cells with exogenous application of sodium hydrosulfide (a H(2)S donor, 400 μmol/l) for 30 min before exposure to CoCl(2) markedly attenuated chemical hypoxia-stimulated iNOS and nNOS expression, NO generation and IL-6 secretion as well as p38MAPK phosphorylation in PC12 cells. Taken together, we demonstrated that p38MAPK-iNOS pathway contributes to chemical hypoxia-induced inflammation and that H(2)S produces an anti-inflammatory effect in chemical hypoxia-stimulated PC12 cells, which may be partly due to inhibition of ROS-activated p38MAPK-iNOS pathway.