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Identification of Genetic Elements Associated with EPSPS Gene Amplification

Weed populations can have high genetic plasticity and rapid responses to environmental selection pressures. For example, 100-fold amplification of the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene evolved in the weed species Amaranthus palmeri to confer resistance to glyphosate, the world...

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Autores principales: Gaines, Todd A., Wright, Alice A., Molin, William T., Lorentz, Lothar, Riggins, Chance W., Tranel, Patrick J., Beffa, Roland, Westra, Philip, Powles, Stephen B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3677901/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23762434
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065819
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author Gaines, Todd A.
Wright, Alice A.
Molin, William T.
Lorentz, Lothar
Riggins, Chance W.
Tranel, Patrick J.
Beffa, Roland
Westra, Philip
Powles, Stephen B.
author_facet Gaines, Todd A.
Wright, Alice A.
Molin, William T.
Lorentz, Lothar
Riggins, Chance W.
Tranel, Patrick J.
Beffa, Roland
Westra, Philip
Powles, Stephen B.
author_sort Gaines, Todd A.
collection PubMed
description Weed populations can have high genetic plasticity and rapid responses to environmental selection pressures. For example, 100-fold amplification of the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene evolved in the weed species Amaranthus palmeri to confer resistance to glyphosate, the world’s most important herbicide. However, the gene amplification mechanism is unknown. We sequenced the EPSPS gene and genomic regions flanking EPSPS loci in A. palmeri, and searched for mobile genetic elements or repetitive sequences. The EPSPS gene was 10,229 bp, containing 8 exons and 7 introns. The gene amplification likely proceeded through a DNA-mediated mechanism, as introns exist in the amplified gene copies and the entire amplified sequence is at least 30 kb in length. Our data support the presence of two EPSPS loci in susceptible (S) A. palmeri, and that only one of these was amplified in glyphosate-resistant (R) A. palmeri. The EPSPS gene amplification event likely occurred recently, as no sequence polymorphisms were found within introns of amplified EPSPS copies from R individuals. Sequences with homology to miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) were identified next to EPSPS gene copies only in R individuals. Additionally, a putative Activator (Ac) transposase and a repetitive sequence region were associated with amplified EPSPS genes. The mechanism controlling this DNA-mediated amplification remains unknown. Further investigation is necessary to determine if the gene amplification may have proceeded via DNA transposon-mediated replication, and/or unequal recombination between different genomic regions resulting in replication of the EPSPS gene.
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spelling pubmed-36779012013-06-12 Identification of Genetic Elements Associated with EPSPS Gene Amplification Gaines, Todd A. Wright, Alice A. Molin, William T. Lorentz, Lothar Riggins, Chance W. Tranel, Patrick J. Beffa, Roland Westra, Philip Powles, Stephen B. PLoS One Research Article Weed populations can have high genetic plasticity and rapid responses to environmental selection pressures. For example, 100-fold amplification of the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene evolved in the weed species Amaranthus palmeri to confer resistance to glyphosate, the world’s most important herbicide. However, the gene amplification mechanism is unknown. We sequenced the EPSPS gene and genomic regions flanking EPSPS loci in A. palmeri, and searched for mobile genetic elements or repetitive sequences. The EPSPS gene was 10,229 bp, containing 8 exons and 7 introns. The gene amplification likely proceeded through a DNA-mediated mechanism, as introns exist in the amplified gene copies and the entire amplified sequence is at least 30 kb in length. Our data support the presence of two EPSPS loci in susceptible (S) A. palmeri, and that only one of these was amplified in glyphosate-resistant (R) A. palmeri. The EPSPS gene amplification event likely occurred recently, as no sequence polymorphisms were found within introns of amplified EPSPS copies from R individuals. Sequences with homology to miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) were identified next to EPSPS gene copies only in R individuals. Additionally, a putative Activator (Ac) transposase and a repetitive sequence region were associated with amplified EPSPS genes. The mechanism controlling this DNA-mediated amplification remains unknown. Further investigation is necessary to determine if the gene amplification may have proceeded via DNA transposon-mediated replication, and/or unequal recombination between different genomic regions resulting in replication of the EPSPS gene. Public Library of Science 2013-06-10 /pmc/articles/PMC3677901/ /pubmed/23762434 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065819 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration, which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.
spellingShingle Research Article
Gaines, Todd A.
Wright, Alice A.
Molin, William T.
Lorentz, Lothar
Riggins, Chance W.
Tranel, Patrick J.
Beffa, Roland
Westra, Philip
Powles, Stephen B.
Identification of Genetic Elements Associated with EPSPS Gene Amplification
title Identification of Genetic Elements Associated with EPSPS Gene Amplification
title_full Identification of Genetic Elements Associated with EPSPS Gene Amplification
title_fullStr Identification of Genetic Elements Associated with EPSPS Gene Amplification
title_full_unstemmed Identification of Genetic Elements Associated with EPSPS Gene Amplification
title_short Identification of Genetic Elements Associated with EPSPS Gene Amplification
title_sort identification of genetic elements associated with epsps gene amplification
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3677901/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23762434
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065819
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