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The Influence of Direct and Indirect Speech on Mental Representations
Language can be viewed as a set of cues that modulate the comprehender’s thought processes. It is a very subtle instrument. For example, the literature suggests that people perceive direct speech (e.g., Joanne said: ‘I went out for dinner last night’) as more vivid and perceptually engaging than ind...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3680483/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23776488 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065480 |
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author | Eerland, Anita Engelen, Jan A. A. Zwaan, Rolf A. |
author_facet | Eerland, Anita Engelen, Jan A. A. Zwaan, Rolf A. |
author_sort | Eerland, Anita |
collection | PubMed |
description | Language can be viewed as a set of cues that modulate the comprehender’s thought processes. It is a very subtle instrument. For example, the literature suggests that people perceive direct speech (e.g., Joanne said: ‘I went out for dinner last night’) as more vivid and perceptually engaging than indirect speech (e.g., Joanne said that she went out for dinner last night). But how is this alleged vividness evident in comprehenders’ mental representations? We sought to address this question in a series of experiments. Our results do not support the idea that, compared to indirect speech, direct speech enhances the accessibility of information from the communicative or the referential situation during comprehension. Neither do our results support the idea that the hypothesized more vivid experience of direct speech is caused by a switch from the visual to the auditory modality. However, our results do show that direct speech leads to a stronger mental representation of the exact wording of a sentence than does indirect speech. These results show that language has a more subtle influence on memory representations than was previously suggested. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3680483 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-36804832013-06-17 The Influence of Direct and Indirect Speech on Mental Representations Eerland, Anita Engelen, Jan A. A. Zwaan, Rolf A. PLoS One Research Article Language can be viewed as a set of cues that modulate the comprehender’s thought processes. It is a very subtle instrument. For example, the literature suggests that people perceive direct speech (e.g., Joanne said: ‘I went out for dinner last night’) as more vivid and perceptually engaging than indirect speech (e.g., Joanne said that she went out for dinner last night). But how is this alleged vividness evident in comprehenders’ mental representations? We sought to address this question in a series of experiments. Our results do not support the idea that, compared to indirect speech, direct speech enhances the accessibility of information from the communicative or the referential situation during comprehension. Neither do our results support the idea that the hypothesized more vivid experience of direct speech is caused by a switch from the visual to the auditory modality. However, our results do show that direct speech leads to a stronger mental representation of the exact wording of a sentence than does indirect speech. These results show that language has a more subtle influence on memory representations than was previously suggested. Public Library of Science 2013-06-12 /pmc/articles/PMC3680483/ /pubmed/23776488 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065480 Text en © 2013 Eerland et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Eerland, Anita Engelen, Jan A. A. Zwaan, Rolf A. The Influence of Direct and Indirect Speech on Mental Representations |
title | The Influence of Direct and Indirect Speech on Mental Representations |
title_full | The Influence of Direct and Indirect Speech on Mental Representations |
title_fullStr | The Influence of Direct and Indirect Speech on Mental Representations |
title_full_unstemmed | The Influence of Direct and Indirect Speech on Mental Representations |
title_short | The Influence of Direct and Indirect Speech on Mental Representations |
title_sort | influence of direct and indirect speech on mental representations |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3680483/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23776488 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065480 |
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