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The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training promote atherosclerotic plaque stabilization in apolipoprotein E knockout mice with diabetic atherosclerosis

Physical exercise is the cornerstone of cardiovascular disease treatment. The present study investigated whether exercise training affects atherosclerotic plaque composition through the modification of inflammatoryrelated pathways in apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE(−/−)) mice with diabetic atheroscl...

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Autores principales: Kadoglou, N.P.E., Moustardas, P., Kapelouzou, A., Katsimpoulas, M., Giagini, A., Dede, E., Kostomitsopoulos, N., Karayannacos, P.E., Kostakis, A., Liapis, C.D.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: PAGEPress Publications 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3683610/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23549462
http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ejh.2013.e3
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author Kadoglou, N.P.E.
Moustardas, P.
Kapelouzou, A.
Katsimpoulas, M.
Giagini, A.
Dede, E.
Kostomitsopoulos, N.
Karayannacos, P.E.
Kostakis, A.
Liapis, C.D.
author_facet Kadoglou, N.P.E.
Moustardas, P.
Kapelouzou, A.
Katsimpoulas, M.
Giagini, A.
Dede, E.
Kostomitsopoulos, N.
Karayannacos, P.E.
Kostakis, A.
Liapis, C.D.
author_sort Kadoglou, N.P.E.
collection PubMed
description Physical exercise is the cornerstone of cardiovascular disease treatment. The present study investigated whether exercise training affects atherosclerotic plaque composition through the modification of inflammatoryrelated pathways in apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE(−/−)) mice with diabetic atherosclerosis. Forty-five male apoE(−/−) mice were randomized into three equivalent (n=15) groups: control (CO), sedentary (SED), and exercise (EX). Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin administration. High-fat diet was administered to all groups for 12 weeks. Afterwards, CO mice were euthanatized, while the sedentary and exercise groups continued high-fat diet for 6 additional weeks. Exercising mice followed an exercise program on motorizedtreadmill (5 times/week, 60 min/session). Then, blood samples and atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic root were examined. A considerable (P<0.001) regression of the atherosclerotic lesions was observed in the exercise group (180.339±75.613×10(3)µm(2)) compared to the control (325.485±72.302×10(3) µm(2)) and sedentary (340.188±159.108×10(3)µm(2)) groups. We found decreased macrophages, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-3, MMP-8 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations (P<0.05) in the atherosclerotic plaques of the exercise group. Compared to both control and sedentary groups, exercise training significantly increased collagen (P<0.05), elastin (P<0.001), and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) (P<0.001) content in the atherosclerotic plaques. Those effects paralleled with increased fibrous cap thickness and less internal elastic lamina ruptures after exercise training (P<0.05), while body-weight and lipid parameters did not significantly change. Plasma MMP-2 and MMP-3 concentrations in atherosclerotic tissues followed a similar trend. From our study we can conclude that exercise training reduces and stabilizes atherosclerotic lesions in apoE(−/−) mice with diabetic atherosclerosis. A favorable modification of the inflammatory regulators seems to explain those beneficial effects.
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spelling pubmed-36836102013-06-17 The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training promote atherosclerotic plaque stabilization in apolipoprotein E knockout mice with diabetic atherosclerosis Kadoglou, N.P.E. Moustardas, P. Kapelouzou, A. Katsimpoulas, M. Giagini, A. Dede, E. Kostomitsopoulos, N. Karayannacos, P.E. Kostakis, A. Liapis, C.D. Eur J Histochem Original Paper Physical exercise is the cornerstone of cardiovascular disease treatment. The present study investigated whether exercise training affects atherosclerotic plaque composition through the modification of inflammatoryrelated pathways in apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE(−/−)) mice with diabetic atherosclerosis. Forty-five male apoE(−/−) mice were randomized into three equivalent (n=15) groups: control (CO), sedentary (SED), and exercise (EX). Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin administration. High-fat diet was administered to all groups for 12 weeks. Afterwards, CO mice were euthanatized, while the sedentary and exercise groups continued high-fat diet for 6 additional weeks. Exercising mice followed an exercise program on motorizedtreadmill (5 times/week, 60 min/session). Then, blood samples and atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic root were examined. A considerable (P<0.001) regression of the atherosclerotic lesions was observed in the exercise group (180.339±75.613×10(3)µm(2)) compared to the control (325.485±72.302×10(3) µm(2)) and sedentary (340.188±159.108×10(3)µm(2)) groups. We found decreased macrophages, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-3, MMP-8 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations (P<0.05) in the atherosclerotic plaques of the exercise group. Compared to both control and sedentary groups, exercise training significantly increased collagen (P<0.05), elastin (P<0.001), and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) (P<0.001) content in the atherosclerotic plaques. Those effects paralleled with increased fibrous cap thickness and less internal elastic lamina ruptures after exercise training (P<0.05), while body-weight and lipid parameters did not significantly change. Plasma MMP-2 and MMP-3 concentrations in atherosclerotic tissues followed a similar trend. From our study we can conclude that exercise training reduces and stabilizes atherosclerotic lesions in apoE(−/−) mice with diabetic atherosclerosis. A favorable modification of the inflammatory regulators seems to explain those beneficial effects. PAGEPress Publications 2013-03-25 /pmc/articles/PMC3683610/ /pubmed/23549462 http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ejh.2013.e3 Text en ©Copyright N.P.E. Kadoglou et al., 2013 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 3.0 License (CC BY-NC 3.0). Licensee PAGEPress, Italy
spellingShingle Original Paper
Kadoglou, N.P.E.
Moustardas, P.
Kapelouzou, A.
Katsimpoulas, M.
Giagini, A.
Dede, E.
Kostomitsopoulos, N.
Karayannacos, P.E.
Kostakis, A.
Liapis, C.D.
The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training promote atherosclerotic plaque stabilization in apolipoprotein E knockout mice with diabetic atherosclerosis
title The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training promote atherosclerotic plaque stabilization in apolipoprotein E knockout mice with diabetic atherosclerosis
title_full The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training promote atherosclerotic plaque stabilization in apolipoprotein E knockout mice with diabetic atherosclerosis
title_fullStr The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training promote atherosclerotic plaque stabilization in apolipoprotein E knockout mice with diabetic atherosclerosis
title_full_unstemmed The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training promote atherosclerotic plaque stabilization in apolipoprotein E knockout mice with diabetic atherosclerosis
title_short The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training promote atherosclerotic plaque stabilization in apolipoprotein E knockout mice with diabetic atherosclerosis
title_sort anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training promote atherosclerotic plaque stabilization in apolipoprotein e knockout mice with diabetic atherosclerosis
topic Original Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3683610/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23549462
http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ejh.2013.e3
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