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Population genetics analysis during the elimination process of Plasmodium falciparum in Djibouti
BACKGROUND: Case management of imported malaria within the context of malaria pre-elimination is increasingly considered to be relevant because of the risk of resurgence. The assessment of malaria importation would provide key data i) to select countries with propitious conditions for pre-eliminatio...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3685531/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23758989 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-12-201 |
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author | Khaireh, Bouh Abdi Assefa, Ashenafi Guessod, Hawa Hassan Basco, Leonardo K Khaireh, Mohamed Abdi Pascual, Aurélie Briolant, Sébastien Bouh, Samatar Mohamed Farah, Ismaïl Hassan Ali, Habib Moussa Abdi, Abdoul-Ilah Ahmed Aden, Mouna Osman Abdillahi, Zamzam Ayeh, Souleiman Nour Darar, Houssein Youssouf Koeck, Jean-Louis Rogier, Christophe Pradines, Bruno Bogreau, Hervé |
author_facet | Khaireh, Bouh Abdi Assefa, Ashenafi Guessod, Hawa Hassan Basco, Leonardo K Khaireh, Mohamed Abdi Pascual, Aurélie Briolant, Sébastien Bouh, Samatar Mohamed Farah, Ismaïl Hassan Ali, Habib Moussa Abdi, Abdoul-Ilah Ahmed Aden, Mouna Osman Abdillahi, Zamzam Ayeh, Souleiman Nour Darar, Houssein Youssouf Koeck, Jean-Louis Rogier, Christophe Pradines, Bruno Bogreau, Hervé |
author_sort | Khaireh, Bouh Abdi |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Case management of imported malaria within the context of malaria pre-elimination is increasingly considered to be relevant because of the risk of resurgence. The assessment of malaria importation would provide key data i) to select countries with propitious conditions for pre-elimination phase and ii) to predict its feasibility. Recently, a sero-prevalence study in Djibouti indicated low malaria prevalence, which is propitious for the implementation of pre-elimination, but data on the extent of malaria importation remain unknown. METHODS: Djiboutian plasmodial populations were analysed over an eleven-year period (1998, 1999, 2002 and 2009). The risk of malaria importation was indirectly assessed by using plasmodial population parameters. Based on 5 microsatellite markers, expected heterozygosity (H.e.), multiplicity of infection, pairwise Fst index, multiple correspondence analysis and individual genetic relationship were determined. The prevalence of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with pyrimethamine resistance was also determined. RESULTS: Data indicated a significant decline in genetic diversity (0.51, 0.59, 0.51 and 0 in 1998, 1999, 2002 and 2009, respectively) over the study period, which is inconsistent with the level of malaria importation described in a previous study. This suggested that Djiboutian malaria situation may have benefited from the decline of malaria prevalence that occurred in neighbouring countries, in particular in Ethiopia. The high Fst indices derived from plasmodial populations from one study period to another (0.12 between 1999 and 2002, and 0.43 between 2002 and 2009) suggested a random sampling of parasites, probably imported from neighbouring countries, leading to oligo-clonal expansion of few different strains during each transmission season. Nevertheless, similar genotypes observed during the study period suggested recurrent migrations and imported malaria. CONCLUSION: In the present study, the extent of genetic diversity was used to assess the risk of malaria importation in the low malaria transmission setting of Djibouti. The molecular approach highlights i) the evolution of Djiboutian plasmodial population profiles that are consistent and compatible with Djiboutian pre-elimination goals and ii) the necessity to implement the monitoring of plasmodial populations and interventions at the regional scale in the Horn of Africa to ensure higher efficiency of malaria control and elimination. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3685531 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-36855312013-06-19 Population genetics analysis during the elimination process of Plasmodium falciparum in Djibouti Khaireh, Bouh Abdi Assefa, Ashenafi Guessod, Hawa Hassan Basco, Leonardo K Khaireh, Mohamed Abdi Pascual, Aurélie Briolant, Sébastien Bouh, Samatar Mohamed Farah, Ismaïl Hassan Ali, Habib Moussa Abdi, Abdoul-Ilah Ahmed Aden, Mouna Osman Abdillahi, Zamzam Ayeh, Souleiman Nour Darar, Houssein Youssouf Koeck, Jean-Louis Rogier, Christophe Pradines, Bruno Bogreau, Hervé Malar J Research BACKGROUND: Case management of imported malaria within the context of malaria pre-elimination is increasingly considered to be relevant because of the risk of resurgence. The assessment of malaria importation would provide key data i) to select countries with propitious conditions for pre-elimination phase and ii) to predict its feasibility. Recently, a sero-prevalence study in Djibouti indicated low malaria prevalence, which is propitious for the implementation of pre-elimination, but data on the extent of malaria importation remain unknown. METHODS: Djiboutian plasmodial populations were analysed over an eleven-year period (1998, 1999, 2002 and 2009). The risk of malaria importation was indirectly assessed by using plasmodial population parameters. Based on 5 microsatellite markers, expected heterozygosity (H.e.), multiplicity of infection, pairwise Fst index, multiple correspondence analysis and individual genetic relationship were determined. The prevalence of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with pyrimethamine resistance was also determined. RESULTS: Data indicated a significant decline in genetic diversity (0.51, 0.59, 0.51 and 0 in 1998, 1999, 2002 and 2009, respectively) over the study period, which is inconsistent with the level of malaria importation described in a previous study. This suggested that Djiboutian malaria situation may have benefited from the decline of malaria prevalence that occurred in neighbouring countries, in particular in Ethiopia. The high Fst indices derived from plasmodial populations from one study period to another (0.12 between 1999 and 2002, and 0.43 between 2002 and 2009) suggested a random sampling of parasites, probably imported from neighbouring countries, leading to oligo-clonal expansion of few different strains during each transmission season. Nevertheless, similar genotypes observed during the study period suggested recurrent migrations and imported malaria. CONCLUSION: In the present study, the extent of genetic diversity was used to assess the risk of malaria importation in the low malaria transmission setting of Djibouti. The molecular approach highlights i) the evolution of Djiboutian plasmodial population profiles that are consistent and compatible with Djiboutian pre-elimination goals and ii) the necessity to implement the monitoring of plasmodial populations and interventions at the regional scale in the Horn of Africa to ensure higher efficiency of malaria control and elimination. BioMed Central 2013-06-13 /pmc/articles/PMC3685531/ /pubmed/23758989 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-12-201 Text en Copyright © 2013 Khaireh et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Khaireh, Bouh Abdi Assefa, Ashenafi Guessod, Hawa Hassan Basco, Leonardo K Khaireh, Mohamed Abdi Pascual, Aurélie Briolant, Sébastien Bouh, Samatar Mohamed Farah, Ismaïl Hassan Ali, Habib Moussa Abdi, Abdoul-Ilah Ahmed Aden, Mouna Osman Abdillahi, Zamzam Ayeh, Souleiman Nour Darar, Houssein Youssouf Koeck, Jean-Louis Rogier, Christophe Pradines, Bruno Bogreau, Hervé Population genetics analysis during the elimination process of Plasmodium falciparum in Djibouti |
title | Population genetics analysis during the elimination process of Plasmodium falciparum in Djibouti |
title_full | Population genetics analysis during the elimination process of Plasmodium falciparum in Djibouti |
title_fullStr | Population genetics analysis during the elimination process of Plasmodium falciparum in Djibouti |
title_full_unstemmed | Population genetics analysis during the elimination process of Plasmodium falciparum in Djibouti |
title_short | Population genetics analysis during the elimination process of Plasmodium falciparum in Djibouti |
title_sort | population genetics analysis during the elimination process of plasmodium falciparum in djibouti |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3685531/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23758989 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-12-201 |
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