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Drinking Water in Transition: A Multilevel Cross-sectional Analysis of Sachet Water Consumption in Accra

Rapid population growth in developing cities often outpaces improvements to drinking water supplies, and sub-Saharan Africa as a region has the highest percentage of urban population without piped water access, a figure that continues to grow. Accra, Ghana, implements a rationing system to distribut...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Stoler, Justin, Weeks, John R., Appiah Otoo, Richard
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3686721/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23840643
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067257
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author Stoler, Justin
Weeks, John R.
Appiah Otoo, Richard
author_facet Stoler, Justin
Weeks, John R.
Appiah Otoo, Richard
author_sort Stoler, Justin
collection PubMed
description Rapid population growth in developing cities often outpaces improvements to drinking water supplies, and sub-Saharan Africa as a region has the highest percentage of urban population without piped water access, a figure that continues to grow. Accra, Ghana, implements a rationing system to distribute limited piped water resources within the city, and privately-vended sachet water–sealed single-use plastic sleeves–has filled an important gap in urban drinking water security. This study utilizes household survey data from 2,814 Ghanaian women to analyze the sociodemographic characteristics of those who resort to sachet water as their primary drinking water source. In multilevel analysis, sachet use is statistically significantly associated with lower overall self-reported health, younger age, and living in a lower-class enumeration area. Sachet use is marginally associated with more days of neighborhood water rationing, and significantly associated with the proportion of vegetated land cover. Cross-level interactions between rationing and proxies for poverty are not associated with sachet consumption after adjusting for individual-level sociodemographic, socioeconomic, health, and environmental factors. These findings are generally consistent with two other recent analyses of sachet water in Accra and may indicate a recent transition of sachet consumption from higher to lower socioeconomic classes. Overall, the allure of sachet water displays substantial heterogeneity in Accra and will be an important consideration in planning for future drinking water demand throughout West Africa.
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spelling pubmed-36867212013-07-09 Drinking Water in Transition: A Multilevel Cross-sectional Analysis of Sachet Water Consumption in Accra Stoler, Justin Weeks, John R. Appiah Otoo, Richard PLoS One Research Article Rapid population growth in developing cities often outpaces improvements to drinking water supplies, and sub-Saharan Africa as a region has the highest percentage of urban population without piped water access, a figure that continues to grow. Accra, Ghana, implements a rationing system to distribute limited piped water resources within the city, and privately-vended sachet water–sealed single-use plastic sleeves–has filled an important gap in urban drinking water security. This study utilizes household survey data from 2,814 Ghanaian women to analyze the sociodemographic characteristics of those who resort to sachet water as their primary drinking water source. In multilevel analysis, sachet use is statistically significantly associated with lower overall self-reported health, younger age, and living in a lower-class enumeration area. Sachet use is marginally associated with more days of neighborhood water rationing, and significantly associated with the proportion of vegetated land cover. Cross-level interactions between rationing and proxies for poverty are not associated with sachet consumption after adjusting for individual-level sociodemographic, socioeconomic, health, and environmental factors. These findings are generally consistent with two other recent analyses of sachet water in Accra and may indicate a recent transition of sachet consumption from higher to lower socioeconomic classes. Overall, the allure of sachet water displays substantial heterogeneity in Accra and will be an important consideration in planning for future drinking water demand throughout West Africa. Public Library of Science 2013-06-19 /pmc/articles/PMC3686721/ /pubmed/23840643 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067257 Text en © 2013 Stoler et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Stoler, Justin
Weeks, John R.
Appiah Otoo, Richard
Drinking Water in Transition: A Multilevel Cross-sectional Analysis of Sachet Water Consumption in Accra
title Drinking Water in Transition: A Multilevel Cross-sectional Analysis of Sachet Water Consumption in Accra
title_full Drinking Water in Transition: A Multilevel Cross-sectional Analysis of Sachet Water Consumption in Accra
title_fullStr Drinking Water in Transition: A Multilevel Cross-sectional Analysis of Sachet Water Consumption in Accra
title_full_unstemmed Drinking Water in Transition: A Multilevel Cross-sectional Analysis of Sachet Water Consumption in Accra
title_short Drinking Water in Transition: A Multilevel Cross-sectional Analysis of Sachet Water Consumption in Accra
title_sort drinking water in transition: a multilevel cross-sectional analysis of sachet water consumption in accra
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3686721/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23840643
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067257
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