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Drinking Water in Transition: A Multilevel Cross-sectional Analysis of Sachet Water Consumption in Accra
Rapid population growth in developing cities often outpaces improvements to drinking water supplies, and sub-Saharan Africa as a region has the highest percentage of urban population without piped water access, a figure that continues to grow. Accra, Ghana, implements a rationing system to distribut...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3686721/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23840643 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067257 |
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author | Stoler, Justin Weeks, John R. Appiah Otoo, Richard |
author_facet | Stoler, Justin Weeks, John R. Appiah Otoo, Richard |
author_sort | Stoler, Justin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Rapid population growth in developing cities often outpaces improvements to drinking water supplies, and sub-Saharan Africa as a region has the highest percentage of urban population without piped water access, a figure that continues to grow. Accra, Ghana, implements a rationing system to distribute limited piped water resources within the city, and privately-vended sachet water–sealed single-use plastic sleeves–has filled an important gap in urban drinking water security. This study utilizes household survey data from 2,814 Ghanaian women to analyze the sociodemographic characteristics of those who resort to sachet water as their primary drinking water source. In multilevel analysis, sachet use is statistically significantly associated with lower overall self-reported health, younger age, and living in a lower-class enumeration area. Sachet use is marginally associated with more days of neighborhood water rationing, and significantly associated with the proportion of vegetated land cover. Cross-level interactions between rationing and proxies for poverty are not associated with sachet consumption after adjusting for individual-level sociodemographic, socioeconomic, health, and environmental factors. These findings are generally consistent with two other recent analyses of sachet water in Accra and may indicate a recent transition of sachet consumption from higher to lower socioeconomic classes. Overall, the allure of sachet water displays substantial heterogeneity in Accra and will be an important consideration in planning for future drinking water demand throughout West Africa. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3686721 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-36867212013-07-09 Drinking Water in Transition: A Multilevel Cross-sectional Analysis of Sachet Water Consumption in Accra Stoler, Justin Weeks, John R. Appiah Otoo, Richard PLoS One Research Article Rapid population growth in developing cities often outpaces improvements to drinking water supplies, and sub-Saharan Africa as a region has the highest percentage of urban population without piped water access, a figure that continues to grow. Accra, Ghana, implements a rationing system to distribute limited piped water resources within the city, and privately-vended sachet water–sealed single-use plastic sleeves–has filled an important gap in urban drinking water security. This study utilizes household survey data from 2,814 Ghanaian women to analyze the sociodemographic characteristics of those who resort to sachet water as their primary drinking water source. In multilevel analysis, sachet use is statistically significantly associated with lower overall self-reported health, younger age, and living in a lower-class enumeration area. Sachet use is marginally associated with more days of neighborhood water rationing, and significantly associated with the proportion of vegetated land cover. Cross-level interactions between rationing and proxies for poverty are not associated with sachet consumption after adjusting for individual-level sociodemographic, socioeconomic, health, and environmental factors. These findings are generally consistent with two other recent analyses of sachet water in Accra and may indicate a recent transition of sachet consumption from higher to lower socioeconomic classes. Overall, the allure of sachet water displays substantial heterogeneity in Accra and will be an important consideration in planning for future drinking water demand throughout West Africa. Public Library of Science 2013-06-19 /pmc/articles/PMC3686721/ /pubmed/23840643 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067257 Text en © 2013 Stoler et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Stoler, Justin Weeks, John R. Appiah Otoo, Richard Drinking Water in Transition: A Multilevel Cross-sectional Analysis of Sachet Water Consumption in Accra |
title | Drinking Water in Transition: A Multilevel Cross-sectional Analysis of Sachet Water Consumption in Accra |
title_full | Drinking Water in Transition: A Multilevel Cross-sectional Analysis of Sachet Water Consumption in Accra |
title_fullStr | Drinking Water in Transition: A Multilevel Cross-sectional Analysis of Sachet Water Consumption in Accra |
title_full_unstemmed | Drinking Water in Transition: A Multilevel Cross-sectional Analysis of Sachet Water Consumption in Accra |
title_short | Drinking Water in Transition: A Multilevel Cross-sectional Analysis of Sachet Water Consumption in Accra |
title_sort | drinking water in transition: a multilevel cross-sectional analysis of sachet water consumption in accra |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3686721/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23840643 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067257 |
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