Application of geometrical measurements in the assessment of vertebral strength

BACKGROUND: The study was aimed at the development of parameters that could be used as predictors of vertebral strength. Proposed parameters describing vertebral geometry and/or shape can be established on the basis of routine spine roentgenograms, making roentgenography a novel tool for vertebral fracture risk assessment in the future. MATERIAL/METHODS: 20 human cadaveric L3 vertebrae were included in the study. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used for an assessment of bone mineral density (BMD). Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) was performed to measure the volumetric bone density as the most reliable parameter in vertebral fracture risk assessment. Geometrical measurements were performed on the basis of high quality and high resolution computer tomography 3-dimensional images. Biomechanical tests were performed to measure vertebral strength. Two parameters were defined on the basis of extensive research: the ratio between vertebral base area and its height (A/H), and the ratio of vertebral coronal width to coronal height (W/H). Correlations between vertebral mechanical strength – its BMD, QCT density, A/H and W/H were calculated. RESULTS: The best correlation to bone durability was achieved for QCT density (r=0.882), while correlation strength for BMD (r=0.779) and A/H (r=–0.773) were comparable. W/H correlated better than BMD to mechanical strength (–0.788). CONCLUSIONS: Geometrical parameters of vertebrae potentially measured on spine radiograms could be used as predictors of vertebral durability. The calculated correlation coefficients suggest that one of the proposed parameters works better than the commonly used BMD.