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Temporal Discounting Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Mortality among Community-Based Older Persons without Dementia
BACKGROUND: Temporal discounting is an important determinant of many health and financial outcomes, but we are not aware of studies that have examined the association of temporal discounting with mortality. METHODS: Participants were 406 older persons without dementia from the Rush Memory and Aging...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3694975/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23826281 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067376 |
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author | Boyle, Patricia A. Yu, Lei Gamble, Keith J. Bennett, David A. |
author_facet | Boyle, Patricia A. Yu, Lei Gamble, Keith J. Bennett, David A. |
author_sort | Boyle, Patricia A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Temporal discounting is an important determinant of many health and financial outcomes, but we are not aware of studies that have examined the association of temporal discounting with mortality. METHODS: Participants were 406 older persons without dementia from the Rush Memory and Aging Project, a longitudinal cohort study of aging. Temporal discounting was measured using standard preference elicitation questions. Individual discount rates were estimated using a well-established hyperbolic function and used to predict the risk of mortality during up to 5 years of follow-up. RESULTS: The mean estimate of discounting was 0.45 (SD = 0.33, range: 0.08–0.90), with higher scores indicating a greater propensity to prefer smaller immediate rewards over larger but delayed ones. During up to 5 years of follow-up (mean = 3.6 years), 62 (15% of 406) persons died. In a proportional hazards model adjusted for age, sex, and education, temporal discounting was associated with an increased risk of mortality (HR = 1.103, 95% CI 1.024, 1.190, p = 0.010). Thus, a person with the highest discount rate (score = 0.90) was about twice more likely to die over the study period compared to a person with the lowest discount rate (score = 0.08). Further, the association of discounting with mortality persisted after adjustment for the level of global cognitive function, the burden of vascular risk factors and diseases, and an indicator of psychological well being (i.e., purpose in life). CONCLUSION: Temporal discounting is associated with an increased risk of mortality in old age after accounting for global cognitive function and indicators of physical and mental health. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3694975 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-36949752013-07-03 Temporal Discounting Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Mortality among Community-Based Older Persons without Dementia Boyle, Patricia A. Yu, Lei Gamble, Keith J. Bennett, David A. PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Temporal discounting is an important determinant of many health and financial outcomes, but we are not aware of studies that have examined the association of temporal discounting with mortality. METHODS: Participants were 406 older persons without dementia from the Rush Memory and Aging Project, a longitudinal cohort study of aging. Temporal discounting was measured using standard preference elicitation questions. Individual discount rates were estimated using a well-established hyperbolic function and used to predict the risk of mortality during up to 5 years of follow-up. RESULTS: The mean estimate of discounting was 0.45 (SD = 0.33, range: 0.08–0.90), with higher scores indicating a greater propensity to prefer smaller immediate rewards over larger but delayed ones. During up to 5 years of follow-up (mean = 3.6 years), 62 (15% of 406) persons died. In a proportional hazards model adjusted for age, sex, and education, temporal discounting was associated with an increased risk of mortality (HR = 1.103, 95% CI 1.024, 1.190, p = 0.010). Thus, a person with the highest discount rate (score = 0.90) was about twice more likely to die over the study period compared to a person with the lowest discount rate (score = 0.08). Further, the association of discounting with mortality persisted after adjustment for the level of global cognitive function, the burden of vascular risk factors and diseases, and an indicator of psychological well being (i.e., purpose in life). CONCLUSION: Temporal discounting is associated with an increased risk of mortality in old age after accounting for global cognitive function and indicators of physical and mental health. Public Library of Science 2013-06-27 /pmc/articles/PMC3694975/ /pubmed/23826281 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067376 Text en © 2013 Boyle et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Boyle, Patricia A. Yu, Lei Gamble, Keith J. Bennett, David A. Temporal Discounting Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Mortality among Community-Based Older Persons without Dementia |
title | Temporal Discounting Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Mortality among Community-Based Older Persons without Dementia |
title_full | Temporal Discounting Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Mortality among Community-Based Older Persons without Dementia |
title_fullStr | Temporal Discounting Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Mortality among Community-Based Older Persons without Dementia |
title_full_unstemmed | Temporal Discounting Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Mortality among Community-Based Older Persons without Dementia |
title_short | Temporal Discounting Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Mortality among Community-Based Older Persons without Dementia |
title_sort | temporal discounting is associated with an increased risk of mortality among community-based older persons without dementia |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3694975/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23826281 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067376 |
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