Use and Effectiveness of Quitlines for Smokers With Diabetes: Cessation and Weight Outcomes, Washington State Tobacco Quit Line, 2008

INTRODUCTION: Having diabetes and smoking increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. However, cessation-related weight gain, a common side effect during quitting, can further complicate diabetes. Evidence-based telephone quitlines can support quitting but have not been studied adequately in populations with chronic diseases such as diabetes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use and effectiveness of a tobacco quitline among tobacco users with diabetes. Cessation-related weight concerns and weight gain were also assessed. METHODS: We administered a telephone-based follow-up survey to tobacco users with and without diabetes 7 months after their enrollment in a quitline. We collected and analyzed data on demographics, tobacco use, dieting, weight concern, quitting success (7- and 30-day point prevalence), and weight gain. We computed summary statistics for descriptive data, χ(2) and t tests for bivariate comparisons, and multivariable analyses to determine correlates of cessation. RESULTS: Tobacco users with diabetes used the quitline in a greater proportion than they were represented in the general population. Quit rates for those with and without diabetes did not differ significantly (24.3% vs 22.5%). No significant differences existed between groups for weight gain at follow-up, regardless of quit status. However, participants with diabetes reported more weight gain in previous quit attempts (34.2% vs 22.4% gained >20 lbs, P = .03). Weight concern was a significant correlate of continued smoking, regardless of diabetes status. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that quitlines are effective for participants with diabetes, but tailored interventions that address weight concerns during cessation are needed.