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Stress: Neurobiology, consequences and management

Stress, both physical and psychological, is attracting increasing attention among neuroresearchers. In the last 20 decades, there has been a surge of interest in the research of stress-induced manifestations and this approach has resulted in the development of more appropriate animal models for stre...

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Autores principales: Kumar, Anil, Rinwa, Puneet, Kaur, Gurleen, Machawal, Lalit
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3697199/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23833514
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.111818
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author Kumar, Anil
Rinwa, Puneet
Kaur, Gurleen
Machawal, Lalit
author_facet Kumar, Anil
Rinwa, Puneet
Kaur, Gurleen
Machawal, Lalit
author_sort Kumar, Anil
collection PubMed
description Stress, both physical and psychological, is attracting increasing attention among neuroresearchers. In the last 20 decades, there has been a surge of interest in the research of stress-induced manifestations and this approach has resulted in the development of more appropriate animal models for stress-associated pathologies and its therapeutic management. These stress models are an easy and convenient method for inducing both psychological and physical stress. To understand the behavioral changes underlying major depression, molecular and cellular studies are required. Dysregulation of the stress system may lead to disturbances in growth and development, and may this may further lead to the development of various other psychiatric disorders. This article reviews the different types of stress and their neurobiology, including the different neurotransmitters affected. There are various complications associated with stress and their management through various pharmacological and non-pharmacological techniques. The use of herbs in the treatment of stress-related problems is practiced in both Indian and Western societies, and it has a vast market in terms of anti-stress medications and treatments. Non-pharmacological techniques such as meditation and yoga are nowadays becoming very popular as a stress-relieving therapy because of their greater effectiveness and no associated side effects. Therefore, this review highlights the changes under stress and stressor and their impact on different animal models in understanding the mechanisms of stress along with their effective and safe management.
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spelling pubmed-36971992013-07-05 Stress: Neurobiology, consequences and management Kumar, Anil Rinwa, Puneet Kaur, Gurleen Machawal, Lalit J Pharm Bioallied Sci Review Article Stress, both physical and psychological, is attracting increasing attention among neuroresearchers. In the last 20 decades, there has been a surge of interest in the research of stress-induced manifestations and this approach has resulted in the development of more appropriate animal models for stress-associated pathologies and its therapeutic management. These stress models are an easy and convenient method for inducing both psychological and physical stress. To understand the behavioral changes underlying major depression, molecular and cellular studies are required. Dysregulation of the stress system may lead to disturbances in growth and development, and may this may further lead to the development of various other psychiatric disorders. This article reviews the different types of stress and their neurobiology, including the different neurotransmitters affected. There are various complications associated with stress and their management through various pharmacological and non-pharmacological techniques. The use of herbs in the treatment of stress-related problems is practiced in both Indian and Western societies, and it has a vast market in terms of anti-stress medications and treatments. Non-pharmacological techniques such as meditation and yoga are nowadays becoming very popular as a stress-relieving therapy because of their greater effectiveness and no associated side effects. Therefore, this review highlights the changes under stress and stressor and their impact on different animal models in understanding the mechanisms of stress along with their effective and safe management. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2013 /pmc/articles/PMC3697199/ /pubmed/23833514 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.111818 Text en Copyright: © Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Kumar, Anil
Rinwa, Puneet
Kaur, Gurleen
Machawal, Lalit
Stress: Neurobiology, consequences and management
title Stress: Neurobiology, consequences and management
title_full Stress: Neurobiology, consequences and management
title_fullStr Stress: Neurobiology, consequences and management
title_full_unstemmed Stress: Neurobiology, consequences and management
title_short Stress: Neurobiology, consequences and management
title_sort stress: neurobiology, consequences and management
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3697199/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23833514
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.111818
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