Cargando…
The occurrence of mycotoxins in wheat from western Romania and histopathological impact as effect of feed intake
BACKGROUND: The goal of this study has been to evaluate the extent of mycotoxins contamination and their co-occurrence in wheat grain intended for animal feed. A total of 52 wheat samples were collected from the harvest of two consecutive years (2010, 2011) from two counties (Timis and Arad) located...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2013
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3699366/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23759114 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-153X-7-99 |
_version_ | 1782275371867045888 |
---|---|
author | Alexa, Ersilia Dehelean, Cristina Adriana Poiana, Mariana-Atena Radulov, Isidora Cimpean, Anca-Maria Bordean, Despina-Maria Tulcan, Camelia Pop, Georgeta |
author_facet | Alexa, Ersilia Dehelean, Cristina Adriana Poiana, Mariana-Atena Radulov, Isidora Cimpean, Anca-Maria Bordean, Despina-Maria Tulcan, Camelia Pop, Georgeta |
author_sort | Alexa, Ersilia |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The goal of this study has been to evaluate the extent of mycotoxins contamination and their co-occurrence in wheat grain intended for animal feed. A total of 52 wheat samples were collected from the harvest of two consecutive years (2010, 2011) from two counties (Timis and Arad) located in Western Romania and the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZON) and fumonisins (FUMO) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In order to evaluate the toxicological impact of mycotoxins, naturally contaminated wheat samples were administered in rats feed for one month. RESULTS: The mycotoxin with the highest incidence in wheat samples was DON due to agro-climatic conditions typical for the west part of Romania. DON was found in 73.08% of samples harvested in 2010 and the highest level of contamination was 3390 ppb. The incidence of DON in sample from 2011 was lower than those of 2010, with a frequency of occurrence of 19.23%. The occurrence of ZON was in the range 69.23–76.92%, with an average value of 187.74 ppb. The OTA content in wheat was below the maximum tolerable limit established by EU Commission regulation for feed legislation (250 ppb). For FUMO the lowest percentage of positive samples was registered (15.38% in wheat sample harvested in 2010 and 11.54% positive samples in 2011). With respect to the co-occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins, the results proved that ZON was found as a co-contaminant together with DON, especially when climatic conditions for development of fungus are favorable (high air humidity). The differences recorded between investigated localities and their classifications according to the mycotoxin kind and year of harvest were carried out by principal components analysis (PCA). The histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation performed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining technique as well as by assessing the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) revealed significant modification of kidney, liver and spleen cells in the case of DON and FUMO. In terms of toxicity induced by OTA and ZON it was highlighted mixed normal and necrotic areas in liver, while histological assessment revealed normal VEGF expression in kidneys. CONCLUSIONS: Although none of the analyzed samples exceeding the stipulated maximum limits for cereals used as feed, a high incidence of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species have been recorded (DON and ZON) in wheat samples harvested in Western Romania. Also, histopathological evaluation revealed significant tissue lesions in liver and kidney of rats after one month of feeding with natural contaminated wheat. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3699366 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-36993662013-07-03 The occurrence of mycotoxins in wheat from western Romania and histopathological impact as effect of feed intake Alexa, Ersilia Dehelean, Cristina Adriana Poiana, Mariana-Atena Radulov, Isidora Cimpean, Anca-Maria Bordean, Despina-Maria Tulcan, Camelia Pop, Georgeta Chem Cent J Research Article BACKGROUND: The goal of this study has been to evaluate the extent of mycotoxins contamination and their co-occurrence in wheat grain intended for animal feed. A total of 52 wheat samples were collected from the harvest of two consecutive years (2010, 2011) from two counties (Timis and Arad) located in Western Romania and the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZON) and fumonisins (FUMO) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In order to evaluate the toxicological impact of mycotoxins, naturally contaminated wheat samples were administered in rats feed for one month. RESULTS: The mycotoxin with the highest incidence in wheat samples was DON due to agro-climatic conditions typical for the west part of Romania. DON was found in 73.08% of samples harvested in 2010 and the highest level of contamination was 3390 ppb. The incidence of DON in sample from 2011 was lower than those of 2010, with a frequency of occurrence of 19.23%. The occurrence of ZON was in the range 69.23–76.92%, with an average value of 187.74 ppb. The OTA content in wheat was below the maximum tolerable limit established by EU Commission regulation for feed legislation (250 ppb). For FUMO the lowest percentage of positive samples was registered (15.38% in wheat sample harvested in 2010 and 11.54% positive samples in 2011). With respect to the co-occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins, the results proved that ZON was found as a co-contaminant together with DON, especially when climatic conditions for development of fungus are favorable (high air humidity). The differences recorded between investigated localities and their classifications according to the mycotoxin kind and year of harvest were carried out by principal components analysis (PCA). The histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation performed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining technique as well as by assessing the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) revealed significant modification of kidney, liver and spleen cells in the case of DON and FUMO. In terms of toxicity induced by OTA and ZON it was highlighted mixed normal and necrotic areas in liver, while histological assessment revealed normal VEGF expression in kidneys. CONCLUSIONS: Although none of the analyzed samples exceeding the stipulated maximum limits for cereals used as feed, a high incidence of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species have been recorded (DON and ZON) in wheat samples harvested in Western Romania. Also, histopathological evaluation revealed significant tissue lesions in liver and kidney of rats after one month of feeding with natural contaminated wheat. BioMed Central 2013-06-10 /pmc/articles/PMC3699366/ /pubmed/23759114 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-153X-7-99 Text en Copyright © 2013 Alexa et al.; licensee Chemistry Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Alexa, Ersilia Dehelean, Cristina Adriana Poiana, Mariana-Atena Radulov, Isidora Cimpean, Anca-Maria Bordean, Despina-Maria Tulcan, Camelia Pop, Georgeta The occurrence of mycotoxins in wheat from western Romania and histopathological impact as effect of feed intake |
title | The occurrence of mycotoxins in wheat from western Romania and histopathological impact as effect of feed intake |
title_full | The occurrence of mycotoxins in wheat from western Romania and histopathological impact as effect of feed intake |
title_fullStr | The occurrence of mycotoxins in wheat from western Romania and histopathological impact as effect of feed intake |
title_full_unstemmed | The occurrence of mycotoxins in wheat from western Romania and histopathological impact as effect of feed intake |
title_short | The occurrence of mycotoxins in wheat from western Romania and histopathological impact as effect of feed intake |
title_sort | occurrence of mycotoxins in wheat from western romania and histopathological impact as effect of feed intake |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3699366/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23759114 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-153X-7-99 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT alexaersilia theoccurrenceofmycotoxinsinwheatfromwesternromaniaandhistopathologicalimpactaseffectoffeedintake AT deheleancristinaadriana theoccurrenceofmycotoxinsinwheatfromwesternromaniaandhistopathologicalimpactaseffectoffeedintake AT poianamarianaatena theoccurrenceofmycotoxinsinwheatfromwesternromaniaandhistopathologicalimpactaseffectoffeedintake AT radulovisidora theoccurrenceofmycotoxinsinwheatfromwesternromaniaandhistopathologicalimpactaseffectoffeedintake AT cimpeanancamaria theoccurrenceofmycotoxinsinwheatfromwesternromaniaandhistopathologicalimpactaseffectoffeedintake AT bordeandespinamaria theoccurrenceofmycotoxinsinwheatfromwesternromaniaandhistopathologicalimpactaseffectoffeedintake AT tulcancamelia theoccurrenceofmycotoxinsinwheatfromwesternromaniaandhistopathologicalimpactaseffectoffeedintake AT popgeorgeta theoccurrenceofmycotoxinsinwheatfromwesternromaniaandhistopathologicalimpactaseffectoffeedintake AT alexaersilia occurrenceofmycotoxinsinwheatfromwesternromaniaandhistopathologicalimpactaseffectoffeedintake AT deheleancristinaadriana occurrenceofmycotoxinsinwheatfromwesternromaniaandhistopathologicalimpactaseffectoffeedintake AT poianamarianaatena occurrenceofmycotoxinsinwheatfromwesternromaniaandhistopathologicalimpactaseffectoffeedintake AT radulovisidora occurrenceofmycotoxinsinwheatfromwesternromaniaandhistopathologicalimpactaseffectoffeedintake AT cimpeanancamaria occurrenceofmycotoxinsinwheatfromwesternromaniaandhistopathologicalimpactaseffectoffeedintake AT bordeandespinamaria occurrenceofmycotoxinsinwheatfromwesternromaniaandhistopathologicalimpactaseffectoffeedintake AT tulcancamelia occurrenceofmycotoxinsinwheatfromwesternromaniaandhistopathologicalimpactaseffectoffeedintake AT popgeorgeta occurrenceofmycotoxinsinwheatfromwesternromaniaandhistopathologicalimpactaseffectoffeedintake |