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Mineral Metabolic Abnormalities and Mortality in Dialysis Patients
The survival rate of dialysis patients, as determined by risk factors such as hypertension, nutritional status, and chronic inflammation, is lower than that of the general population. In addition, disorders of bone mineral metabolism are independently related to mortality and morbidity associated wi...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705332/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23525083 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu5031002 |
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author | Abe, Masanori Okada, Kazuyoshi Soma, Masayoshi |
author_facet | Abe, Masanori Okada, Kazuyoshi Soma, Masayoshi |
author_sort | Abe, Masanori |
collection | PubMed |
description | The survival rate of dialysis patients, as determined by risk factors such as hypertension, nutritional status, and chronic inflammation, is lower than that of the general population. In addition, disorders of bone mineral metabolism are independently related to mortality and morbidity associated with cardiovascular disease and fracture in dialysis patients. Hyperphosphatemia is an important risk factor of, not only secondary hyperparathyroidism, but also cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, the risk of death reportedly increases with an increase in adjusted serum calcium level, while calcium levels below the recommended target are not associated with a worsened outcome. Thus, the significance of target levels of serum calcium in dialysis patients is debatable. The consensus on determining optimal parathyroid function in dialysis patients, however, is yet to be established. Therefore, the contribution of phosphorus and calcium levels to prognosis is perhaps more significant. Elevated fibroblast growth factor 23 levels have also been shown to be associated with cardiovascular events and death. In this review, we examine the associations between mineral metabolic abnormalities including serum phosphorus, calcium, and parathyroid hormone and mortality in dialysis patients. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3705332 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-37053322013-07-09 Mineral Metabolic Abnormalities and Mortality in Dialysis Patients Abe, Masanori Okada, Kazuyoshi Soma, Masayoshi Nutrients Review The survival rate of dialysis patients, as determined by risk factors such as hypertension, nutritional status, and chronic inflammation, is lower than that of the general population. In addition, disorders of bone mineral metabolism are independently related to mortality and morbidity associated with cardiovascular disease and fracture in dialysis patients. Hyperphosphatemia is an important risk factor of, not only secondary hyperparathyroidism, but also cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, the risk of death reportedly increases with an increase in adjusted serum calcium level, while calcium levels below the recommended target are not associated with a worsened outcome. Thus, the significance of target levels of serum calcium in dialysis patients is debatable. The consensus on determining optimal parathyroid function in dialysis patients, however, is yet to be established. Therefore, the contribution of phosphorus and calcium levels to prognosis is perhaps more significant. Elevated fibroblast growth factor 23 levels have also been shown to be associated with cardiovascular events and death. In this review, we examine the associations between mineral metabolic abnormalities including serum phosphorus, calcium, and parathyroid hormone and mortality in dialysis patients. MDPI 2013-03-22 /pmc/articles/PMC3705332/ /pubmed/23525083 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu5031002 Text en © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Abe, Masanori Okada, Kazuyoshi Soma, Masayoshi Mineral Metabolic Abnormalities and Mortality in Dialysis Patients |
title | Mineral Metabolic Abnormalities and Mortality in Dialysis Patients |
title_full | Mineral Metabolic Abnormalities and Mortality in Dialysis Patients |
title_fullStr | Mineral Metabolic Abnormalities and Mortality in Dialysis Patients |
title_full_unstemmed | Mineral Metabolic Abnormalities and Mortality in Dialysis Patients |
title_short | Mineral Metabolic Abnormalities and Mortality in Dialysis Patients |
title_sort | mineral metabolic abnormalities and mortality in dialysis patients |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705332/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23525083 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu5031002 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT abemasanori mineralmetabolicabnormalitiesandmortalityindialysispatients AT okadakazuyoshi mineralmetabolicabnormalitiesandmortalityindialysispatients AT somamasayoshi mineralmetabolicabnormalitiesandmortalityindialysispatients |