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Nitric Oxide in Cerebral Vasospasm: Theories, Measurement, and Treatment
In recent decades, a large body of research has focused on the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the development of cerebral vasospasm (CV) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Literature searches were therefore conducted regarding the role of NO in cerebral vasospasm, specifically focusing on NO don...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3708422/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23878735 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/972417 |
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author | Siuta, Michael Zuckerman, Scott L. Mocco, J. |
author_facet | Siuta, Michael Zuckerman, Scott L. Mocco, J. |
author_sort | Siuta, Michael |
collection | PubMed |
description | In recent decades, a large body of research has focused on the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the development of cerebral vasospasm (CV) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Literature searches were therefore conducted regarding the role of NO in cerebral vasospasm, specifically focusing on NO donors, reactive nitrogen species, and peroxynitrite in manifestation of vasospasm. Based off the assessment of available evidence, two competing theories are reviewed regarding the role of NO in vasospasm. One school of thought describes a deficiency in NO due to scavenging by hemoglobin in the cisternal space, leading to an NO signaling deficit and vasospastic collapse. A second hypothesis focuses on the dysfunction of nitric oxide synthase, an enzyme that synthesizes NO, and subsequent generation of reactive nitrogen species. Both theories have strong experimental evidence behind them and hold promise for translation into clinical practice. Furthermore, NO donors show definitive promise for preventing vasospasm at the angiographic and clinical level. However, NO augmentation may also cause systemic hypotension and worsen vasospasm due to oxidative distress. Recent evidence indicates that targeting NOS dysfunction, for example, through erythropoietin or statin administration, also shows promise at preventing vasospasm and neurotoxicity. Ultimately, the role of NO in neurovascular disease is complex. Neither of these theories is mutually exclusive, and both should be considered for future research directions and treatment strategies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3708422 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-37084222013-07-22 Nitric Oxide in Cerebral Vasospasm: Theories, Measurement, and Treatment Siuta, Michael Zuckerman, Scott L. Mocco, J. Neurol Res Int Review Article In recent decades, a large body of research has focused on the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the development of cerebral vasospasm (CV) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Literature searches were therefore conducted regarding the role of NO in cerebral vasospasm, specifically focusing on NO donors, reactive nitrogen species, and peroxynitrite in manifestation of vasospasm. Based off the assessment of available evidence, two competing theories are reviewed regarding the role of NO in vasospasm. One school of thought describes a deficiency in NO due to scavenging by hemoglobin in the cisternal space, leading to an NO signaling deficit and vasospastic collapse. A second hypothesis focuses on the dysfunction of nitric oxide synthase, an enzyme that synthesizes NO, and subsequent generation of reactive nitrogen species. Both theories have strong experimental evidence behind them and hold promise for translation into clinical practice. Furthermore, NO donors show definitive promise for preventing vasospasm at the angiographic and clinical level. However, NO augmentation may also cause systemic hypotension and worsen vasospasm due to oxidative distress. Recent evidence indicates that targeting NOS dysfunction, for example, through erythropoietin or statin administration, also shows promise at preventing vasospasm and neurotoxicity. Ultimately, the role of NO in neurovascular disease is complex. Neither of these theories is mutually exclusive, and both should be considered for future research directions and treatment strategies. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 2013-06-25 /pmc/articles/PMC3708422/ /pubmed/23878735 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/972417 Text en Copyright © 2013 Michael Siuta et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Siuta, Michael Zuckerman, Scott L. Mocco, J. Nitric Oxide in Cerebral Vasospasm: Theories, Measurement, and Treatment |
title | Nitric Oxide in Cerebral Vasospasm: Theories, Measurement, and Treatment |
title_full | Nitric Oxide in Cerebral Vasospasm: Theories, Measurement, and Treatment |
title_fullStr | Nitric Oxide in Cerebral Vasospasm: Theories, Measurement, and Treatment |
title_full_unstemmed | Nitric Oxide in Cerebral Vasospasm: Theories, Measurement, and Treatment |
title_short | Nitric Oxide in Cerebral Vasospasm: Theories, Measurement, and Treatment |
title_sort | nitric oxide in cerebral vasospasm: theories, measurement, and treatment |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3708422/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23878735 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/972417 |
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