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Active vs. reactive threat responding is associated with differential c-Fos expression in specific regions of amygdala and prefrontal cortex
Active avoidance (AA) is an important paradigm for studying mechanisms of aversive instrumental learning, pathological anxiety, and active coping. Unfortunately, AA neurocircuits are poorly understood, partly because behavior is highly variable and reflects a competition between Pavlovian reactions...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3718200/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23869027 http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/lm.031047.113 |
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author | Martinez, Raquel C.R. Gupta, Nikita Lázaro-Muñoz, Gabriel Sears, Robert M. Kim, Soojeong Moscarello, Justin M. LeDoux, Joseph E. Cain, Christopher K. |
author_facet | Martinez, Raquel C.R. Gupta, Nikita Lázaro-Muñoz, Gabriel Sears, Robert M. Kim, Soojeong Moscarello, Justin M. LeDoux, Joseph E. Cain, Christopher K. |
author_sort | Martinez, Raquel C.R. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Active avoidance (AA) is an important paradigm for studying mechanisms of aversive instrumental learning, pathological anxiety, and active coping. Unfortunately, AA neurocircuits are poorly understood, partly because behavior is highly variable and reflects a competition between Pavlovian reactions and instrumental actions. Here we exploited the behavioral differences between good and poor avoiders to elucidate the AA neurocircuit. Rats received Sidman AA training and expression of the activity-dependent immediate-early gene c-fos was measured after a shock-free AA test. Six brain regions with known or putative roles in AA were evaluated: amygdala, periaqueductal gray, nucleus accumbens, dorsal striatum, prefrontal cortex (PFC), and hippocampus. Good avoiders showed little Pavlovian freezing and high AA rates at test, the opposite of poor avoiders. Although c-Fos activation was observed throughout the brain, differential activation was found only in subregions of amygdala and PFC. Interestingly, c-Fos correlated with avoidance and freezing in only five of 20 distinct areas evaluated: lateral amygdala, central amygdala, medial amygdala, basal amygdala, and infralimbic PFC. Thus, activity in specific amygdala–PFC circuits likely mediates the competition between instrumental actions and Pavlovian reactions after AA training. Individual differences in AA behavior, long considered a nuisance by researchers, may be the key to elucidating the AA neurocircuit and understanding pathological response profiles. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3718200 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-37182002014-08-01 Active vs. reactive threat responding is associated with differential c-Fos expression in specific regions of amygdala and prefrontal cortex Martinez, Raquel C.R. Gupta, Nikita Lázaro-Muñoz, Gabriel Sears, Robert M. Kim, Soojeong Moscarello, Justin M. LeDoux, Joseph E. Cain, Christopher K. Learn Mem Research Active avoidance (AA) is an important paradigm for studying mechanisms of aversive instrumental learning, pathological anxiety, and active coping. Unfortunately, AA neurocircuits are poorly understood, partly because behavior is highly variable and reflects a competition between Pavlovian reactions and instrumental actions. Here we exploited the behavioral differences between good and poor avoiders to elucidate the AA neurocircuit. Rats received Sidman AA training and expression of the activity-dependent immediate-early gene c-fos was measured after a shock-free AA test. Six brain regions with known or putative roles in AA were evaluated: amygdala, periaqueductal gray, nucleus accumbens, dorsal striatum, prefrontal cortex (PFC), and hippocampus. Good avoiders showed little Pavlovian freezing and high AA rates at test, the opposite of poor avoiders. Although c-Fos activation was observed throughout the brain, differential activation was found only in subregions of amygdala and PFC. Interestingly, c-Fos correlated with avoidance and freezing in only five of 20 distinct areas evaluated: lateral amygdala, central amygdala, medial amygdala, basal amygdala, and infralimbic PFC. Thus, activity in specific amygdala–PFC circuits likely mediates the competition between instrumental actions and Pavlovian reactions after AA training. Individual differences in AA behavior, long considered a nuisance by researchers, may be the key to elucidating the AA neurocircuit and understanding pathological response profiles. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 2013-08 /pmc/articles/PMC3718200/ /pubmed/23869027 http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/lm.031047.113 Text en © 2013, Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This article is distributed exclusively by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the first 12 months after the full-issue publication date (see http://learnmem.cshlp.org/site/misc/terms.xhtml). After 12 months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported), as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. |
spellingShingle | Research Martinez, Raquel C.R. Gupta, Nikita Lázaro-Muñoz, Gabriel Sears, Robert M. Kim, Soojeong Moscarello, Justin M. LeDoux, Joseph E. Cain, Christopher K. Active vs. reactive threat responding is associated with differential c-Fos expression in specific regions of amygdala and prefrontal cortex |
title | Active vs. reactive threat responding is associated with differential c-Fos expression in specific regions of amygdala and prefrontal cortex |
title_full | Active vs. reactive threat responding is associated with differential c-Fos expression in specific regions of amygdala and prefrontal cortex |
title_fullStr | Active vs. reactive threat responding is associated with differential c-Fos expression in specific regions of amygdala and prefrontal cortex |
title_full_unstemmed | Active vs. reactive threat responding is associated with differential c-Fos expression in specific regions of amygdala and prefrontal cortex |
title_short | Active vs. reactive threat responding is associated with differential c-Fos expression in specific regions of amygdala and prefrontal cortex |
title_sort | active vs. reactive threat responding is associated with differential c-fos expression in specific regions of amygdala and prefrontal cortex |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3718200/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23869027 http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/lm.031047.113 |
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