Simultaneous presentation of Kaposi sarcoma and HHV8-associated large B-cell lymphoma in the same lymph node: A rare diagnosis in an HIV-negative patient

Patient: Female, 18 Final Diagnosis: Simultanous presentation of Kaposi Sarcoma and Lymphoma Symptoms: — Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Oncology OBJECTIVE: Rare disease BACKGROUND: KSHV/HHV-8 is associated with Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) as well as with a few categories of lymphoproliferative diseases, mostly occurring in patients with HIV infection/AIDS. Although the association between lymphomas and Kaposi’s sarcoma has been described, the simultaneous presence of the 2 entities within the same organ is rare and mainly associated with HIV/ AIDS. CASE REPORT: We report a case of simultaneous occurrence of Kaposi‘s sarcoma and large B-cell lymphoma in the same lymph node in a 18-year-old African woman who was HIV-negative. We found concurrent infection with Kaposi’s sarcoma herpes virus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), confirmed by PCR amplification of DNA obtained from distinct tumor areas selected in the paraffin block. CONCLUSIONS: The possibility of occurrence of 2 lesions with distinct features in the same organ may be unexpected for pathologists performing fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) evaluation but must be considered, even in HIV-negative individuals, despite its rare occurrence, as was demonstrated by this case.