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Obesity and Asthma: Physiological Perspective

Obesity induces some pertinent physiological changes which are conducive to either development of asthma or cause of poorly controlled asthma state. Obesity related mechanical stress forces induced by abdominal and thoracic fat generate stiffening of the lungs and diaphragmatic movements to result i...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Brashier, Bill, Salvi, Sundeep
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3732624/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23970905
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/198068
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author Brashier, Bill
Salvi, Sundeep
author_facet Brashier, Bill
Salvi, Sundeep
author_sort Brashier, Bill
collection PubMed
description Obesity induces some pertinent physiological changes which are conducive to either development of asthma or cause of poorly controlled asthma state. Obesity related mechanical stress forces induced by abdominal and thoracic fat generate stiffening of the lungs and diaphragmatic movements to result in reduction of resting lung volumes such as functional residual capacity (FRC). Reduced FRC is primarily an outcome of decreased expiratory reserve volume, which pushes the tidal breathing more towards smaller high resistance airways, and consequentially results in expiratory flow limitation during normal breathing in obesity. Reduced FRC also induces plastic alteration in the small collapsible airways, which may generate smooth muscle contraction resulting in increased small airway resistance, which, however, is not picked up by spirometric lung volumes. There is also a possibility that chronically reduced FRC may generate permanent adaptation in the very small airways; therefore, the airway calibres may not change despite weight reduction. Obesity may also induce bronchodilator reversibility and diurnal lung functional variability. Obesity is also associated with airway hyperresponsiveness; however, the mechanism of this is not clear. Thus, obesity has effects on lung function that can generate respiratory distress similar to asthma and may also exaggerate the effects of preexisting asthma.
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spelling pubmed-37326242013-08-22 Obesity and Asthma: Physiological Perspective Brashier, Bill Salvi, Sundeep J Allergy (Cairo) Review Article Obesity induces some pertinent physiological changes which are conducive to either development of asthma or cause of poorly controlled asthma state. Obesity related mechanical stress forces induced by abdominal and thoracic fat generate stiffening of the lungs and diaphragmatic movements to result in reduction of resting lung volumes such as functional residual capacity (FRC). Reduced FRC is primarily an outcome of decreased expiratory reserve volume, which pushes the tidal breathing more towards smaller high resistance airways, and consequentially results in expiratory flow limitation during normal breathing in obesity. Reduced FRC also induces plastic alteration in the small collapsible airways, which may generate smooth muscle contraction resulting in increased small airway resistance, which, however, is not picked up by spirometric lung volumes. There is also a possibility that chronically reduced FRC may generate permanent adaptation in the very small airways; therefore, the airway calibres may not change despite weight reduction. Obesity may also induce bronchodilator reversibility and diurnal lung functional variability. Obesity is also associated with airway hyperresponsiveness; however, the mechanism of this is not clear. Thus, obesity has effects on lung function that can generate respiratory distress similar to asthma and may also exaggerate the effects of preexisting asthma. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 2013-07-18 /pmc/articles/PMC3732624/ /pubmed/23970905 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/198068 Text en Copyright © 2013 B. Brashier and S. Salvi. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Brashier, Bill
Salvi, Sundeep
Obesity and Asthma: Physiological Perspective
title Obesity and Asthma: Physiological Perspective
title_full Obesity and Asthma: Physiological Perspective
title_fullStr Obesity and Asthma: Physiological Perspective
title_full_unstemmed Obesity and Asthma: Physiological Perspective
title_short Obesity and Asthma: Physiological Perspective
title_sort obesity and asthma: physiological perspective
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3732624/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23970905
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/198068
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