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BARE Retrotransposons Are Translated and Replicated via Distinct RNA Pools

The replication of Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) retrotransposons, which can constitute over 80% of higher plant genomes, resembles that of retroviruses. A major question for retrotransposons and retroviruses is how the two conflicting roles of their transcripts, in translation and reverse transcriptio...

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Autores principales: Chang, Wei, Jääskeläinen, Marko, Li, Song-ping, Schulman, Alan H.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3735527/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23940808
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072270
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author Chang, Wei
Jääskeläinen, Marko
Li, Song-ping
Schulman, Alan H.
author_facet Chang, Wei
Jääskeläinen, Marko
Li, Song-ping
Schulman, Alan H.
author_sort Chang, Wei
collection PubMed
description The replication of Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) retrotransposons, which can constitute over 80% of higher plant genomes, resembles that of retroviruses. A major question for retrotransposons and retroviruses is how the two conflicting roles of their transcripts, in translation and reverse transcription, are balanced. Here, we show that the BARE retrotransposon, despite its organization into just one open reading frame, produces three distinct classes of transcripts. One is capped, polyadenylated, and translated, but cannot be copied into cDNA. The second is not capped or polyadenylated, but is destined for packaging and ultimate reverse transcription. The third class is capped, polyadenylated, and spliced to favor production of a subgenomic RNA encoding only Gag, the protein forming virus-like particles. Moreover, the BARE2 subfamily, which cannot synthesize Gag and is parasitic on BARE1, does not produce the spliced sub-genomic RNA for translation but does make the replication competent transcripts, which are packaged into BARE1 particles. To our knowledge, this is first demonstration of distinct RNA pools for translation and transcription for any retrotransposon.
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spelling pubmed-37355272013-08-12 BARE Retrotransposons Are Translated and Replicated via Distinct RNA Pools Chang, Wei Jääskeläinen, Marko Li, Song-ping Schulman, Alan H. PLoS One Research Article The replication of Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) retrotransposons, which can constitute over 80% of higher plant genomes, resembles that of retroviruses. A major question for retrotransposons and retroviruses is how the two conflicting roles of their transcripts, in translation and reverse transcription, are balanced. Here, we show that the BARE retrotransposon, despite its organization into just one open reading frame, produces three distinct classes of transcripts. One is capped, polyadenylated, and translated, but cannot be copied into cDNA. The second is not capped or polyadenylated, but is destined for packaging and ultimate reverse transcription. The third class is capped, polyadenylated, and spliced to favor production of a subgenomic RNA encoding only Gag, the protein forming virus-like particles. Moreover, the BARE2 subfamily, which cannot synthesize Gag and is parasitic on BARE1, does not produce the spliced sub-genomic RNA for translation but does make the replication competent transcripts, which are packaged into BARE1 particles. To our knowledge, this is first demonstration of distinct RNA pools for translation and transcription for any retrotransposon. Public Library of Science 2013-08-06 /pmc/articles/PMC3735527/ /pubmed/23940808 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072270 Text en © 2013 Chang et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Chang, Wei
Jääskeläinen, Marko
Li, Song-ping
Schulman, Alan H.
BARE Retrotransposons Are Translated and Replicated via Distinct RNA Pools
title BARE Retrotransposons Are Translated and Replicated via Distinct RNA Pools
title_full BARE Retrotransposons Are Translated and Replicated via Distinct RNA Pools
title_fullStr BARE Retrotransposons Are Translated and Replicated via Distinct RNA Pools
title_full_unstemmed BARE Retrotransposons Are Translated and Replicated via Distinct RNA Pools
title_short BARE Retrotransposons Are Translated and Replicated via Distinct RNA Pools
title_sort bare retrotransposons are translated and replicated via distinct rna pools
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3735527/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23940808
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072270
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