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Aspergillus-Associated Airway Disease, Inflammation, and the Innate Immune Response
Aspergillus moulds exist ubiquitously as spores that are inhaled in large numbers daily. Whilst most are removed by anatomical barriers, disease may occur in certain circumstances. Depending on the underlying state of the human immune system, clinical consequences can ensue ranging from an excessive...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3736487/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23971044 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/723129 |
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author | Chotirmall, Sanjay H. Al-Alawi, Mazen Mirkovic, Bojana Lavelle, Gillian Logan, P. Mark Greene, Catherine M. McElvaney, Noel G. |
author_facet | Chotirmall, Sanjay H. Al-Alawi, Mazen Mirkovic, Bojana Lavelle, Gillian Logan, P. Mark Greene, Catherine M. McElvaney, Noel G. |
author_sort | Chotirmall, Sanjay H. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Aspergillus moulds exist ubiquitously as spores that are inhaled in large numbers daily. Whilst most are removed by anatomical barriers, disease may occur in certain circumstances. Depending on the underlying state of the human immune system, clinical consequences can ensue ranging from an excessive immune response during allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis to the formation of an aspergilloma in the immunocompetent state. The severest infections occur in those who are immunocompromised where invasive pulmonary aspergillosis results in high mortality rates. The diagnosis of Aspergillus-associated pulmonary disease is based on clinical, radiological, and immunological testing. An understanding of the innate and inflammatory consequences of exposure to Aspergillus species is critical in accounting for disease manifestations and preventing sequelae. The major components of the innate immune system involved in recognition and removal of the fungus include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptide production, and recognition by pattern recognition receptors. The cytokine response is also critical facilitating cell-to-cell communication and promoting the initiation, maintenance, and resolution of the host response. In the following review, we discuss the above areas with a focus on the innate and inflammatory response to airway Aspergillus exposure and how these responses may be modulated for therapeutic benefit. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3736487 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-37364872013-08-22 Aspergillus-Associated Airway Disease, Inflammation, and the Innate Immune Response Chotirmall, Sanjay H. Al-Alawi, Mazen Mirkovic, Bojana Lavelle, Gillian Logan, P. Mark Greene, Catherine M. McElvaney, Noel G. Biomed Res Int Review Article Aspergillus moulds exist ubiquitously as spores that are inhaled in large numbers daily. Whilst most are removed by anatomical barriers, disease may occur in certain circumstances. Depending on the underlying state of the human immune system, clinical consequences can ensue ranging from an excessive immune response during allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis to the formation of an aspergilloma in the immunocompetent state. The severest infections occur in those who are immunocompromised where invasive pulmonary aspergillosis results in high mortality rates. The diagnosis of Aspergillus-associated pulmonary disease is based on clinical, radiological, and immunological testing. An understanding of the innate and inflammatory consequences of exposure to Aspergillus species is critical in accounting for disease manifestations and preventing sequelae. The major components of the innate immune system involved in recognition and removal of the fungus include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptide production, and recognition by pattern recognition receptors. The cytokine response is also critical facilitating cell-to-cell communication and promoting the initiation, maintenance, and resolution of the host response. In the following review, we discuss the above areas with a focus on the innate and inflammatory response to airway Aspergillus exposure and how these responses may be modulated for therapeutic benefit. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 2013-07-21 /pmc/articles/PMC3736487/ /pubmed/23971044 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/723129 Text en Copyright © 2013 Sanjay H. Chotirmall et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Chotirmall, Sanjay H. Al-Alawi, Mazen Mirkovic, Bojana Lavelle, Gillian Logan, P. Mark Greene, Catherine M. McElvaney, Noel G. Aspergillus-Associated Airway Disease, Inflammation, and the Innate Immune Response |
title |
Aspergillus-Associated Airway Disease, Inflammation, and the Innate Immune Response |
title_full |
Aspergillus-Associated Airway Disease, Inflammation, and the Innate Immune Response |
title_fullStr |
Aspergillus-Associated Airway Disease, Inflammation, and the Innate Immune Response |
title_full_unstemmed |
Aspergillus-Associated Airway Disease, Inflammation, and the Innate Immune Response |
title_short |
Aspergillus-Associated Airway Disease, Inflammation, and the Innate Immune Response |
title_sort | aspergillus-associated airway disease, inflammation, and the innate immune response |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3736487/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23971044 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/723129 |
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