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Male Genitalia of Neotropical Charaxinae: A Comparative Analysis of Character Variation
Charaxinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) has a worldwide distribution, although it occurs mainly between the tropics. Most species occur in the Neotropics, where three tribes, Preponini, Anaeomorphini, and Anaenini, can be found. Collectively, these three tribes encompass 109 species. Because of its re...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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University of Wisconsin Library
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3738103/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23895588 http://dx.doi.org/10.1673/031.013.3501 |
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author | Bonfantti, Dayana Casagrande, Mirna Martins Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik |
author_facet | Bonfantti, Dayana Casagrande, Mirna Martins Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik |
author_sort | Bonfantti, Dayana |
collection | PubMed |
description | Charaxinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) has a worldwide distribution, although it occurs mainly between the tropics. Most species occur in the Neotropics, where three tribes, Preponini, Anaeomorphini, and Anaenini, can be found. Collectively, these three tribes encompass 109 species. Because of its relevance to systematics and taxonomy, the male genitalia of Lepidoptera have been extensively studied. The male genitalia are composed of the last two abdominal segments and their modifications for mating, known as claspers of the bodies. In order to improve upon the systematic classification of the subfamily, 31 species of 13 genera of Neotropical Charaxinae were analyzed. All characters relevant to species and generic taxonomy were analyzed. Most structures showed morphological variations among tribes, genera, and species. These variations demonstrated to be important to Preponini, because the structural patterns of the genitalia allow the separation in two groups, Prepona Boisduval and Archaeoprepona Fruhstorfer, and are in accord with the recent taxonomic classification proposed by Ortiz-Acevado and Willmott (2013), wherein Agrias Doubleday is synonymized in Prepona and Noreppa Rydon within Archaeoprepona. In the same way, Anaeomorpha splendida Rothschild showed considerable differences from Preponini's genera, the tribe in which it was included, confirming the revalidation of the tribe Anaeomorphini (Ortiz-Acevado and Willmott 2013). Substantial variation was found in the genital structures of Anaeini, making it difficult to establish structural patterns for this group. Such structural variation, however, may be very efficient to diagnose species, such as some species of Memphis Hübner and Fountainea Rydon, which can be easily identified through the presence and location of spines on the valva. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3738103 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | University of Wisconsin Library |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-37381032013-08-13 Male Genitalia of Neotropical Charaxinae: A Comparative Analysis of Character Variation Bonfantti, Dayana Casagrande, Mirna Martins Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik J Insect Sci Article Charaxinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) has a worldwide distribution, although it occurs mainly between the tropics. Most species occur in the Neotropics, where three tribes, Preponini, Anaeomorphini, and Anaenini, can be found. Collectively, these three tribes encompass 109 species. Because of its relevance to systematics and taxonomy, the male genitalia of Lepidoptera have been extensively studied. The male genitalia are composed of the last two abdominal segments and their modifications for mating, known as claspers of the bodies. In order to improve upon the systematic classification of the subfamily, 31 species of 13 genera of Neotropical Charaxinae were analyzed. All characters relevant to species and generic taxonomy were analyzed. Most structures showed morphological variations among tribes, genera, and species. These variations demonstrated to be important to Preponini, because the structural patterns of the genitalia allow the separation in two groups, Prepona Boisduval and Archaeoprepona Fruhstorfer, and are in accord with the recent taxonomic classification proposed by Ortiz-Acevado and Willmott (2013), wherein Agrias Doubleday is synonymized in Prepona and Noreppa Rydon within Archaeoprepona. In the same way, Anaeomorpha splendida Rothschild showed considerable differences from Preponini's genera, the tribe in which it was included, confirming the revalidation of the tribe Anaeomorphini (Ortiz-Acevado and Willmott 2013). Substantial variation was found in the genital structures of Anaeini, making it difficult to establish structural patterns for this group. Such structural variation, however, may be very efficient to diagnose species, such as some species of Memphis Hübner and Fountainea Rydon, which can be easily identified through the presence and location of spines on the valva. University of Wisconsin Library 2013-04-18 /pmc/articles/PMC3738103/ /pubmed/23895588 http://dx.doi.org/10.1673/031.013.3501 Text en © 2013 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Article Bonfantti, Dayana Casagrande, Mirna Martins Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik Male Genitalia of Neotropical Charaxinae: A Comparative Analysis of Character Variation |
title | Male Genitalia of Neotropical Charaxinae: A Comparative Analysis of Character Variation |
title_full | Male Genitalia of Neotropical Charaxinae: A Comparative Analysis of Character Variation |
title_fullStr | Male Genitalia of Neotropical Charaxinae: A Comparative Analysis of Character Variation |
title_full_unstemmed | Male Genitalia of Neotropical Charaxinae: A Comparative Analysis of Character Variation |
title_short | Male Genitalia of Neotropical Charaxinae: A Comparative Analysis of Character Variation |
title_sort | male genitalia of neotropical charaxinae: a comparative analysis of character variation |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3738103/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23895588 http://dx.doi.org/10.1673/031.013.3501 |
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