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Modulation of Phytoalexin Biosynthesis in Engineered Plants for Disease Resistance

Phytoalexins are antimicrobial substances of low molecular weight produced by plants in response to infection or stress, which form part of their active defense mechanisms. Starting in the 1950’s, research on phytoalexins has begun with biochemistry and bio-organic chemistry, resulting in the determ...

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Autores principales: Jeandet, Philippe, Clément, Christophe, Courot, Eric, Cordelier, Sylvain
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3742236/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23880860
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms140714136
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author Jeandet, Philippe
Clément, Christophe
Courot, Eric
Cordelier, Sylvain
author_facet Jeandet, Philippe
Clément, Christophe
Courot, Eric
Cordelier, Sylvain
author_sort Jeandet, Philippe
collection PubMed
description Phytoalexins are antimicrobial substances of low molecular weight produced by plants in response to infection or stress, which form part of their active defense mechanisms. Starting in the 1950’s, research on phytoalexins has begun with biochemistry and bio-organic chemistry, resulting in the determination of their structure, their biological activity as well as mechanisms of their synthesis and their catabolism by microorganisms. Elucidation of the biosynthesis of numerous phytoalexins has permitted the use of molecular biology tools for the exploration of the genes encoding enzymes of their synthesis pathways and their regulators. Genetic manipulation of phytoalexins has been investigated to increase the disease resistance of plants. The first example of a disease resistance resulting from foreign phytoalexin expression in a novel plant has concerned a phytoalexin from grapevine which was transferred to tobacco. Transformations were then operated to investigate the potential of other phytoalexin biosynthetic genes to confer resistance to pathogens. Unexpectedly, engineering phytoalexins for disease resistance in plants seem to have been limited to exploiting only a few phytoalexin biosynthetic genes, especially those encoding stilbenes and some isoflavonoids. Research has rather focused on indirect approaches which allow modulation of the accumulation of phytoalexin employing transcriptional regulators or components of upstream regulatory pathways. Genetic approaches using gain- or less-of functions in phytoalexin engineering together with modulation of phytoalexin accumulation through molecular engineering of plant hormones and defense-related marker and elicitor genes have been reviewed.
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spelling pubmed-37422362013-08-13 Modulation of Phytoalexin Biosynthesis in Engineered Plants for Disease Resistance Jeandet, Philippe Clément, Christophe Courot, Eric Cordelier, Sylvain Int J Mol Sci Review Phytoalexins are antimicrobial substances of low molecular weight produced by plants in response to infection or stress, which form part of their active defense mechanisms. Starting in the 1950’s, research on phytoalexins has begun with biochemistry and bio-organic chemistry, resulting in the determination of their structure, their biological activity as well as mechanisms of their synthesis and their catabolism by microorganisms. Elucidation of the biosynthesis of numerous phytoalexins has permitted the use of molecular biology tools for the exploration of the genes encoding enzymes of their synthesis pathways and their regulators. Genetic manipulation of phytoalexins has been investigated to increase the disease resistance of plants. The first example of a disease resistance resulting from foreign phytoalexin expression in a novel plant has concerned a phytoalexin from grapevine which was transferred to tobacco. Transformations were then operated to investigate the potential of other phytoalexin biosynthetic genes to confer resistance to pathogens. Unexpectedly, engineering phytoalexins for disease resistance in plants seem to have been limited to exploiting only a few phytoalexin biosynthetic genes, especially those encoding stilbenes and some isoflavonoids. Research has rather focused on indirect approaches which allow modulation of the accumulation of phytoalexin employing transcriptional regulators or components of upstream regulatory pathways. Genetic approaches using gain- or less-of functions in phytoalexin engineering together with modulation of phytoalexin accumulation through molecular engineering of plant hormones and defense-related marker and elicitor genes have been reviewed. Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) 2013-07-08 /pmc/articles/PMC3742236/ /pubmed/23880860 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms140714136 Text en © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Jeandet, Philippe
Clément, Christophe
Courot, Eric
Cordelier, Sylvain
Modulation of Phytoalexin Biosynthesis in Engineered Plants for Disease Resistance
title Modulation of Phytoalexin Biosynthesis in Engineered Plants for Disease Resistance
title_full Modulation of Phytoalexin Biosynthesis in Engineered Plants for Disease Resistance
title_fullStr Modulation of Phytoalexin Biosynthesis in Engineered Plants for Disease Resistance
title_full_unstemmed Modulation of Phytoalexin Biosynthesis in Engineered Plants for Disease Resistance
title_short Modulation of Phytoalexin Biosynthesis in Engineered Plants for Disease Resistance
title_sort modulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis in engineered plants for disease resistance
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3742236/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23880860
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms140714136
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AT cordeliersylvain modulationofphytoalexinbiosynthesisinengineeredplantsfordiseaseresistance