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Impact of Community-Based Larviciding on the Prevalence of Malaria Infection in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
BACKGROUND: The use of larval source management is not prioritized by contemporary malaria control programs in sub-Saharan Africa despite historical success. Larviciding, in particular, could be effective in urban areas where transmission is focal and accessibility to Anopheles breeding habitats is...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3743749/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23977099 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071638 |
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author | Maheu-Giroux, Mathieu Castro, Marcia C. |
author_facet | Maheu-Giroux, Mathieu Castro, Marcia C. |
author_sort | Maheu-Giroux, Mathieu |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The use of larval source management is not prioritized by contemporary malaria control programs in sub-Saharan Africa despite historical success. Larviciding, in particular, could be effective in urban areas where transmission is focal and accessibility to Anopheles breeding habitats is generally easier than in rural settings. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a community-based microbial larviciding intervention to reduce the prevalence of malaria infection in Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Larviciding was implemented in 3 out of 15 targeted wards of Dar es Salaam in 2006 after two years of baseline data collection. This intervention was subsequently scaled up to 9 wards a year later, and to all 15 targeted wards in 2008. Continuous randomized cluster sampling of malaria prevalence and socio-demographic characteristics was carried out during 6 survey rounds (2004–2008), which included both cross-sectional and longitudinal data (N = 64,537). Bayesian random effects logistic regression models were used to quantify the effect of the intervention on malaria prevalence at the individual level. Effect size estimates suggest a significant protective effect of the larviciding intervention. After adjustment for confounders, the odds of individuals living in areas treated with larviciding being infected with malaria were 21% lower (Odds Ratio = 0.79; 95% Credible Intervals: 0.66–0.93) than those who lived in areas not treated. The larviciding intervention was most effective during dry seasons and had synergistic effects with other protective measures such as use of insecticide-treated bed nets and house proofing (i.e., complete ceiling or window screens). CONCLUSION: A large-scale community-based larviciding intervention significantly reduced the prevalence of malaria infection in urban Dar es Salaam. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3743749 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-37437492013-08-23 Impact of Community-Based Larviciding on the Prevalence of Malaria Infection in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Maheu-Giroux, Mathieu Castro, Marcia C. PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: The use of larval source management is not prioritized by contemporary malaria control programs in sub-Saharan Africa despite historical success. Larviciding, in particular, could be effective in urban areas where transmission is focal and accessibility to Anopheles breeding habitats is generally easier than in rural settings. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a community-based microbial larviciding intervention to reduce the prevalence of malaria infection in Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Larviciding was implemented in 3 out of 15 targeted wards of Dar es Salaam in 2006 after two years of baseline data collection. This intervention was subsequently scaled up to 9 wards a year later, and to all 15 targeted wards in 2008. Continuous randomized cluster sampling of malaria prevalence and socio-demographic characteristics was carried out during 6 survey rounds (2004–2008), which included both cross-sectional and longitudinal data (N = 64,537). Bayesian random effects logistic regression models were used to quantify the effect of the intervention on malaria prevalence at the individual level. Effect size estimates suggest a significant protective effect of the larviciding intervention. After adjustment for confounders, the odds of individuals living in areas treated with larviciding being infected with malaria were 21% lower (Odds Ratio = 0.79; 95% Credible Intervals: 0.66–0.93) than those who lived in areas not treated. The larviciding intervention was most effective during dry seasons and had synergistic effects with other protective measures such as use of insecticide-treated bed nets and house proofing (i.e., complete ceiling or window screens). CONCLUSION: A large-scale community-based larviciding intervention significantly reduced the prevalence of malaria infection in urban Dar es Salaam. Public Library of Science 2013-08-14 /pmc/articles/PMC3743749/ /pubmed/23977099 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071638 Text en © 2013 Maheu-Giroux, Castro http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Maheu-Giroux, Mathieu Castro, Marcia C. Impact of Community-Based Larviciding on the Prevalence of Malaria Infection in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |
title | Impact of Community-Based Larviciding on the Prevalence of Malaria Infection in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |
title_full | Impact of Community-Based Larviciding on the Prevalence of Malaria Infection in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |
title_fullStr | Impact of Community-Based Larviciding on the Prevalence of Malaria Infection in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |
title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Community-Based Larviciding on the Prevalence of Malaria Infection in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |
title_short | Impact of Community-Based Larviciding on the Prevalence of Malaria Infection in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |
title_sort | impact of community-based larviciding on the prevalence of malaria infection in dar es salaam, tanzania |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3743749/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23977099 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071638 |
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