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The Convergent Evolution of Blue Iris Pigmentation in Primates Took Distinct Molecular Paths
How many distinct molecular paths lead to the same phenotype? One approach to this question has been to examine the genetic basis of convergent traits, which likely evolved repeatedly under a shared selective pressure. We investigated the convergent phenotype of blue iris pigmentation, which has ari...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3746105/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23640739 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22280 |
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author | Meyer, Wynn K Zhang, Sidi Hayakawa, Sachiko Imai, Hiroo Przeworski, Molly |
author_facet | Meyer, Wynn K Zhang, Sidi Hayakawa, Sachiko Imai, Hiroo Przeworski, Molly |
author_sort | Meyer, Wynn K |
collection | PubMed |
description | How many distinct molecular paths lead to the same phenotype? One approach to this question has been to examine the genetic basis of convergent traits, which likely evolved repeatedly under a shared selective pressure. We investigated the convergent phenotype of blue iris pigmentation, which has arisen independently in four primate lineages: humans, blue-eyed black lemurs, Japanese macaques, and spider monkeys. Characterizing the phenotype across these species, we found that the variation within the blue-eyed subsets of each species occupies strongly overlapping regions of CIE L*a*b* color space. Yet whereas Japanese macaques and humans display continuous variation, the phenotypes of blue-eyed black lemurs and their sister species (whose irises are brown) occupy more clustered subspaces. Variation in an enhancer of OCA2 is primarily responsible for the phenotypic difference between humans with blue and brown irises. In the orthologous region, we found no variant that distinguishes the two lemur species or associates with quantitative phenotypic variation in Japanese macaques. Given the high similarity between the blue iris phenotypes in these species and that in humans, this finding implies that evolution has used different molecular paths to reach the same end. Am J Phys Anthropol 151:398–407, 2013.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3746105 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-37461052013-08-20 The Convergent Evolution of Blue Iris Pigmentation in Primates Took Distinct Molecular Paths Meyer, Wynn K Zhang, Sidi Hayakawa, Sachiko Imai, Hiroo Przeworski, Molly Am J Phys Anthropol Research Articles How many distinct molecular paths lead to the same phenotype? One approach to this question has been to examine the genetic basis of convergent traits, which likely evolved repeatedly under a shared selective pressure. We investigated the convergent phenotype of blue iris pigmentation, which has arisen independently in four primate lineages: humans, blue-eyed black lemurs, Japanese macaques, and spider monkeys. Characterizing the phenotype across these species, we found that the variation within the blue-eyed subsets of each species occupies strongly overlapping regions of CIE L*a*b* color space. Yet whereas Japanese macaques and humans display continuous variation, the phenotypes of blue-eyed black lemurs and their sister species (whose irises are brown) occupy more clustered subspaces. Variation in an enhancer of OCA2 is primarily responsible for the phenotypic difference between humans with blue and brown irises. In the orthologous region, we found no variant that distinguishes the two lemur species or associates with quantitative phenotypic variation in Japanese macaques. Given the high similarity between the blue iris phenotypes in these species and that in humans, this finding implies that evolution has used different molecular paths to reach the same end. Am J Phys Anthropol 151:398–407, 2013.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2013-07 2013-05-02 /pmc/articles/PMC3746105/ /pubmed/23640739 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22280 Text en Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ Re-use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Creative Commons Deed, Attribution 2.5, which does not permit commercial exploitation. |
spellingShingle | Research Articles Meyer, Wynn K Zhang, Sidi Hayakawa, Sachiko Imai, Hiroo Przeworski, Molly The Convergent Evolution of Blue Iris Pigmentation in Primates Took Distinct Molecular Paths |
title | The Convergent Evolution of Blue Iris Pigmentation in Primates Took Distinct Molecular Paths |
title_full | The Convergent Evolution of Blue Iris Pigmentation in Primates Took Distinct Molecular Paths |
title_fullStr | The Convergent Evolution of Blue Iris Pigmentation in Primates Took Distinct Molecular Paths |
title_full_unstemmed | The Convergent Evolution of Blue Iris Pigmentation in Primates Took Distinct Molecular Paths |
title_short | The Convergent Evolution of Blue Iris Pigmentation in Primates Took Distinct Molecular Paths |
title_sort | convergent evolution of blue iris pigmentation in primates took distinct molecular paths |
topic | Research Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3746105/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23640739 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22280 |
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