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Clinical tibiofemoral angle in south Indian children

OBJECTIVES: The development of tibiofemoral angle in children has shown ethnic variations. However this data is unavailable for our population. METHODS: We measured the tibiofemoral angle (TFA) and intercondylar and intermalleolar distances in 360 children aged between two and 18 years, dividing the...

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Autores principales: Mathew, S. E., Madhuri, V.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: British Editorial Society of Bone and Joint Surgery 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3746208/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23946543
http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2046-3758.28.2000157
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author Mathew, S. E.
Madhuri, V.
author_facet Mathew, S. E.
Madhuri, V.
author_sort Mathew, S. E.
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVES: The development of tibiofemoral angle in children has shown ethnic variations. However this data is unavailable for our population. METHODS: We measured the tibiofemoral angle (TFA) and intercondylar and intermalleolar distances in 360 children aged between two and 18 years, dividing them into six interrupted age group intervals: two to three years; five to six years; eight to nine years; 11 to 12 years; 14 to 15 years; and 17 to 18 years. Each age group comprised 30 boys and 30 girls. Other variables recorded included standing height, sitting height, weight, thigh length, leg length and length of the lower limb. RESULTS: Children aged two to three years had a valgus angulation with a mean TFA of 1.8° (sd 0.65) in boys and 2.45° (sd 0.87) in girls. Peak valgus was seen in the five- to six-year age group, with mean TFAs of 6.7° (sd 1.3) and 7.25° (sd 0.64) for boys and girls, respectively. From this age the values gradually declined to a mean of 3.18° (sd 1.74) and 4.43° (sd 0.68) for boys and girls, respectively, at 17 to 18 years. Girls showed a higher valgus angulation than boys at all age groups. CONCLUSION: This study defines the normal range of the TFA in south Indian boys and girls using an easy and reliable technique of measurement with a standardised custom-made goniometer. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2013;2:155–61.
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spelling pubmed-37462082013-08-21 Clinical tibiofemoral angle in south Indian children Mathew, S. E. Madhuri, V. Bone Joint Res Children’s Orthopaedics OBJECTIVES: The development of tibiofemoral angle in children has shown ethnic variations. However this data is unavailable for our population. METHODS: We measured the tibiofemoral angle (TFA) and intercondylar and intermalleolar distances in 360 children aged between two and 18 years, dividing them into six interrupted age group intervals: two to three years; five to six years; eight to nine years; 11 to 12 years; 14 to 15 years; and 17 to 18 years. Each age group comprised 30 boys and 30 girls. Other variables recorded included standing height, sitting height, weight, thigh length, leg length and length of the lower limb. RESULTS: Children aged two to three years had a valgus angulation with a mean TFA of 1.8° (sd 0.65) in boys and 2.45° (sd 0.87) in girls. Peak valgus was seen in the five- to six-year age group, with mean TFAs of 6.7° (sd 1.3) and 7.25° (sd 0.64) for boys and girls, respectively. From this age the values gradually declined to a mean of 3.18° (sd 1.74) and 4.43° (sd 0.68) for boys and girls, respectively, at 17 to 18 years. Girls showed a higher valgus angulation than boys at all age groups. CONCLUSION: This study defines the normal range of the TFA in south Indian boys and girls using an easy and reliable technique of measurement with a standardised custom-made goniometer. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2013;2:155–61. British Editorial Society of Bone and Joint Surgery 2013-08-01 /pmc/articles/PMC3746208/ /pubmed/23946543 http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2046-3758.28.2000157 Text en ©2013 The British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery ©2013 The British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attributions licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, but not for commercial gain, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Children’s Orthopaedics
Mathew, S. E.
Madhuri, V.
Clinical tibiofemoral angle in south Indian children
title Clinical tibiofemoral angle in south Indian children
title_full Clinical tibiofemoral angle in south Indian children
title_fullStr Clinical tibiofemoral angle in south Indian children
title_full_unstemmed Clinical tibiofemoral angle in south Indian children
title_short Clinical tibiofemoral angle in south Indian children
title_sort clinical tibiofemoral angle in south indian children
topic Children’s Orthopaedics
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3746208/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23946543
http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2046-3758.28.2000157
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