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Regulation of Immune Cell Infiltration into the CNS by Regional Neural Inputs Explained by the Gate Theory
The central nervous system (CNS) is an immune-privileged environment protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which consists of specific endothelial cells that are brought together by tight junctions and tight liner sheets formed by pericytes and astrocytic end-feet. Despite the BBB, various immu...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3748732/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23990699 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/898165 |
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author | Arima, Yasunobu Kamimura, Daisuke Sabharwal, Lavannya Yamada, Moe Bando, Hidenori Ogura, Hideki Atsumi, Toru Murakami, Masaaki |
author_facet | Arima, Yasunobu Kamimura, Daisuke Sabharwal, Lavannya Yamada, Moe Bando, Hidenori Ogura, Hideki Atsumi, Toru Murakami, Masaaki |
author_sort | Arima, Yasunobu |
collection | PubMed |
description | The central nervous system (CNS) is an immune-privileged environment protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which consists of specific endothelial cells that are brought together by tight junctions and tight liner sheets formed by pericytes and astrocytic end-feet. Despite the BBB, various immune and tumor cells can infiltrate the CNS parenchyma, as seen in several autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS), cancer metastasis, and virus infections. Aside from a mechanical disruption of the BBB like trauma, how and where these cells enter and accumulate in the CNS from the blood is a matter of debate. Recently, using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS, we found a “gateway” at the fifth lumber cord where pathogenic autoreactive CD4+ T cells can cross the BBB. Interestingly, this gateway is regulated by regional neural stimulations that can be mechanistically explained by the gate theory. In this review, we also discuss this theory and its potential for treating human diseases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3748732 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-37487322013-08-29 Regulation of Immune Cell Infiltration into the CNS by Regional Neural Inputs Explained by the Gate Theory Arima, Yasunobu Kamimura, Daisuke Sabharwal, Lavannya Yamada, Moe Bando, Hidenori Ogura, Hideki Atsumi, Toru Murakami, Masaaki Mediators Inflamm Review Article The central nervous system (CNS) is an immune-privileged environment protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which consists of specific endothelial cells that are brought together by tight junctions and tight liner sheets formed by pericytes and astrocytic end-feet. Despite the BBB, various immune and tumor cells can infiltrate the CNS parenchyma, as seen in several autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS), cancer metastasis, and virus infections. Aside from a mechanical disruption of the BBB like trauma, how and where these cells enter and accumulate in the CNS from the blood is a matter of debate. Recently, using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS, we found a “gateway” at the fifth lumber cord where pathogenic autoreactive CD4+ T cells can cross the BBB. Interestingly, this gateway is regulated by regional neural stimulations that can be mechanistically explained by the gate theory. In this review, we also discuss this theory and its potential for treating human diseases. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 2013-08-06 /pmc/articles/PMC3748732/ /pubmed/23990699 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/898165 Text en Copyright © 2013 Yasunobu Arima et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Arima, Yasunobu Kamimura, Daisuke Sabharwal, Lavannya Yamada, Moe Bando, Hidenori Ogura, Hideki Atsumi, Toru Murakami, Masaaki Regulation of Immune Cell Infiltration into the CNS by Regional Neural Inputs Explained by the Gate Theory |
title | Regulation of Immune Cell Infiltration into the CNS by Regional Neural Inputs Explained by the Gate Theory |
title_full | Regulation of Immune Cell Infiltration into the CNS by Regional Neural Inputs Explained by the Gate Theory |
title_fullStr | Regulation of Immune Cell Infiltration into the CNS by Regional Neural Inputs Explained by the Gate Theory |
title_full_unstemmed | Regulation of Immune Cell Infiltration into the CNS by Regional Neural Inputs Explained by the Gate Theory |
title_short | Regulation of Immune Cell Infiltration into the CNS by Regional Neural Inputs Explained by the Gate Theory |
title_sort | regulation of immune cell infiltration into the cns by regional neural inputs explained by the gate theory |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3748732/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23990699 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/898165 |
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