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Continuous Spikes and Waves during Sleep: Electroclinical Presentation and Suggestions for Management
Continuous spikes and waves during sleep (CSWS) is an epileptic encephalopathy characterized in most patients by (1) difficult to control seizures, (2) interictal epileptiform activity that becomes prominent during sleep leading to an electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern of electrical status epileptic...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3748771/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23991336 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/583531 |
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author | Sánchez Fernández, Iván Chapman, Kevin E. Peters, Jurriaan M. Harini, Chellamani Rotenberg, Alexander Loddenkemper, Tobias |
author_facet | Sánchez Fernández, Iván Chapman, Kevin E. Peters, Jurriaan M. Harini, Chellamani Rotenberg, Alexander Loddenkemper, Tobias |
author_sort | Sánchez Fernández, Iván |
collection | PubMed |
description | Continuous spikes and waves during sleep (CSWS) is an epileptic encephalopathy characterized in most patients by (1) difficult to control seizures, (2) interictal epileptiform activity that becomes prominent during sleep leading to an electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern of electrical status epilepticus in sleep (ESES), and (3) neurocognitive regression. In this paper, we will summarize current epidemiological, clinical, and EEG knowledge on CSWS and will provide suggestions for treatment. CSWS typically presents with seizures around 2–4 years of age. Neurocognitive regression occurs around 5-6 years of age, and it is accompanied by subacute worsening of EEG abnormalities and seizures. At approximately 6–9 years of age, there is a gradual resolution of seizures and EEG abnormalities, but the neurocognitive deficits persist in most patients. The cause of CSWS is unknown, but early developmental lesions play a major role in approximately half of the patients, and genetic associations have recently been described. High-dose benzodiazepines and corticosteroids have been successfully used to treat clinical and electroencephalographic features. Corticosteroids are often reserved for refractory disease because of adverse events. Valproate, ethosuximide, levetiracetam, sulthiame, and lamotrigine have been also used with some success. Epilepsy surgery may be considered in a few selected patients. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3748771 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-37487712013-08-29 Continuous Spikes and Waves during Sleep: Electroclinical Presentation and Suggestions for Management Sánchez Fernández, Iván Chapman, Kevin E. Peters, Jurriaan M. Harini, Chellamani Rotenberg, Alexander Loddenkemper, Tobias Epilepsy Res Treat Review Article Continuous spikes and waves during sleep (CSWS) is an epileptic encephalopathy characterized in most patients by (1) difficult to control seizures, (2) interictal epileptiform activity that becomes prominent during sleep leading to an electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern of electrical status epilepticus in sleep (ESES), and (3) neurocognitive regression. In this paper, we will summarize current epidemiological, clinical, and EEG knowledge on CSWS and will provide suggestions for treatment. CSWS typically presents with seizures around 2–4 years of age. Neurocognitive regression occurs around 5-6 years of age, and it is accompanied by subacute worsening of EEG abnormalities and seizures. At approximately 6–9 years of age, there is a gradual resolution of seizures and EEG abnormalities, but the neurocognitive deficits persist in most patients. The cause of CSWS is unknown, but early developmental lesions play a major role in approximately half of the patients, and genetic associations have recently been described. High-dose benzodiazepines and corticosteroids have been successfully used to treat clinical and electroencephalographic features. Corticosteroids are often reserved for refractory disease because of adverse events. Valproate, ethosuximide, levetiracetam, sulthiame, and lamotrigine have been also used with some success. Epilepsy surgery may be considered in a few selected patients. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 2013-08-06 /pmc/articles/PMC3748771/ /pubmed/23991336 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/583531 Text en Copyright © 2013 Iván Sánchez Fernández et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Sánchez Fernández, Iván Chapman, Kevin E. Peters, Jurriaan M. Harini, Chellamani Rotenberg, Alexander Loddenkemper, Tobias Continuous Spikes and Waves during Sleep: Electroclinical Presentation and Suggestions for Management |
title | Continuous Spikes and Waves during Sleep: Electroclinical Presentation and Suggestions for Management |
title_full | Continuous Spikes and Waves during Sleep: Electroclinical Presentation and Suggestions for Management |
title_fullStr | Continuous Spikes and Waves during Sleep: Electroclinical Presentation and Suggestions for Management |
title_full_unstemmed | Continuous Spikes and Waves during Sleep: Electroclinical Presentation and Suggestions for Management |
title_short | Continuous Spikes and Waves during Sleep: Electroclinical Presentation and Suggestions for Management |
title_sort | continuous spikes and waves during sleep: electroclinical presentation and suggestions for management |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3748771/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23991336 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/583531 |
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