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Fatty Acid and Phospholipid Syntheses Are Prerequisites for the Cell Cycle of Symbiodinium and Their Endosymbiosis within Sea Anemones
Lipids are a source of metabolic energy, as well as essential components of cellular membranes. Although they have been shown to be key players in the regulation of cell proliferation in various eukaryotes, including microalgae, their role in the cell cycle of cnidarian-dinoflagellate (genus Symbiod...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3756969/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24009685 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072486 |
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author | Wang, Li-Hsueh Lee, Hsieh-He Fang, Lee-Shing Mayfield, Anderson B. Chen, Chii-Shiarng |
author_facet | Wang, Li-Hsueh Lee, Hsieh-He Fang, Lee-Shing Mayfield, Anderson B. Chen, Chii-Shiarng |
author_sort | Wang, Li-Hsueh |
collection | PubMed |
description | Lipids are a source of metabolic energy, as well as essential components of cellular membranes. Although they have been shown to be key players in the regulation of cell proliferation in various eukaryotes, including microalgae, their role in the cell cycle of cnidarian-dinoflagellate (genus Symbiodinium) endosymbioses remains to be elucidated. The present study examined the effects of a lipid synthesis inhibitor, cerulenin, on the cell cycle of both cultured Symbiodinium (clade B) and those engaged in an endosymbiotic association with the sea anemone Aiptasia pulchella. In the former, cerulenin exposure was found to inhibit free fatty acid (FFA) synthesis, as it does in other organisms. Additionally, while it also significantly inhibited the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), it did not affect the production of sterol ester (SE) or phosphatidylcholine (PC). Interestingly, cerulenin also significantly retarded cell division by arresting the cell cycles at the G(0)/G(1) phase. Cerulenin-treated Symbiodinium were found to be taken up by anemone hosts at a significantly depressed quantity in comparison with control Symbiodinium. Furthermore, the uptake of cerulenin-treated Symbiodinium in host tentacles occurred much more slowly than in untreated controls. These results indicate that FFA and PE may play critical roles in the recognition, proliferation, and ultimately the success of endosymbiosis with anemones. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3756969 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-37569692013-09-05 Fatty Acid and Phospholipid Syntheses Are Prerequisites for the Cell Cycle of Symbiodinium and Their Endosymbiosis within Sea Anemones Wang, Li-Hsueh Lee, Hsieh-He Fang, Lee-Shing Mayfield, Anderson B. Chen, Chii-Shiarng PLoS One Research Article Lipids are a source of metabolic energy, as well as essential components of cellular membranes. Although they have been shown to be key players in the regulation of cell proliferation in various eukaryotes, including microalgae, their role in the cell cycle of cnidarian-dinoflagellate (genus Symbiodinium) endosymbioses remains to be elucidated. The present study examined the effects of a lipid synthesis inhibitor, cerulenin, on the cell cycle of both cultured Symbiodinium (clade B) and those engaged in an endosymbiotic association with the sea anemone Aiptasia pulchella. In the former, cerulenin exposure was found to inhibit free fatty acid (FFA) synthesis, as it does in other organisms. Additionally, while it also significantly inhibited the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), it did not affect the production of sterol ester (SE) or phosphatidylcholine (PC). Interestingly, cerulenin also significantly retarded cell division by arresting the cell cycles at the G(0)/G(1) phase. Cerulenin-treated Symbiodinium were found to be taken up by anemone hosts at a significantly depressed quantity in comparison with control Symbiodinium. Furthermore, the uptake of cerulenin-treated Symbiodinium in host tentacles occurred much more slowly than in untreated controls. These results indicate that FFA and PE may play critical roles in the recognition, proliferation, and ultimately the success of endosymbiosis with anemones. Public Library of Science 2013-08-29 /pmc/articles/PMC3756969/ /pubmed/24009685 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072486 Text en © 2013 Wang et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Wang, Li-Hsueh Lee, Hsieh-He Fang, Lee-Shing Mayfield, Anderson B. Chen, Chii-Shiarng Fatty Acid and Phospholipid Syntheses Are Prerequisites for the Cell Cycle of Symbiodinium and Their Endosymbiosis within Sea Anemones |
title | Fatty Acid and Phospholipid Syntheses Are Prerequisites for the Cell Cycle of Symbiodinium and Their Endosymbiosis within Sea Anemones |
title_full | Fatty Acid and Phospholipid Syntheses Are Prerequisites for the Cell Cycle of Symbiodinium and Their Endosymbiosis within Sea Anemones |
title_fullStr | Fatty Acid and Phospholipid Syntheses Are Prerequisites for the Cell Cycle of Symbiodinium and Their Endosymbiosis within Sea Anemones |
title_full_unstemmed | Fatty Acid and Phospholipid Syntheses Are Prerequisites for the Cell Cycle of Symbiodinium and Their Endosymbiosis within Sea Anemones |
title_short | Fatty Acid and Phospholipid Syntheses Are Prerequisites for the Cell Cycle of Symbiodinium and Their Endosymbiosis within Sea Anemones |
title_sort | fatty acid and phospholipid syntheses are prerequisites for the cell cycle of symbiodinium and their endosymbiosis within sea anemones |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3756969/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24009685 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072486 |
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