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Clinical Investigation of the Role of Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 in the Evolution of Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men, both in the USA and Europe. Although incurable, metastatic disease can often be controlled for years with anti-androgen therapy. Once the disease becomes castrate resistant, the median survival is 18 months. There is growing evidence that the immune...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
2011
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3763424/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24213139 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers3044281 |
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author | Goldstein, Robert Hanley, Charles Morris, Jonathan Cahill, Declan Chandra, Ashish Harper, Peter Chowdhury, Simon Maher, John Burbridge, Sophie |
author_facet | Goldstein, Robert Hanley, Charles Morris, Jonathan Cahill, Declan Chandra, Ashish Harper, Peter Chowdhury, Simon Maher, John Burbridge, Sophie |
author_sort | Goldstein, Robert |
collection | PubMed |
description | Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men, both in the USA and Europe. Although incurable, metastatic disease can often be controlled for years with anti-androgen therapy. Once the disease becomes castrate resistant, the median survival is 18 months. There is growing evidence that the immune system, and in particular cytokines, play an important role in prostate cancer immunosurveillance and progression. Here, we have undertaken a clinical investigation of the role of two closely related cytokines, IL-4 and IL-13 in prostate cancer. In the largest series studied to date, we show that serum IL-4, but not IL-13 is significantly elevated in castrate resistant, compared to androgen sensitive disease. Notably however, serum IL-4 levels are also raised in patients with benign prostatic disease. Analysis of benign and malignant prostate tissue demonstrates that the source of IL-4 is epithelial cells rather than infiltrating leukocytes. Together, our data are consistent with a dual role for IL-4 in prostate cancer development. In benign disease, our data add to the evidence that IL-4 serves a protective role. By contrast, the data support a direct role for IL-4 in the progression of prostate cancer from androgen responsive, to advanced castrate-resistant disease. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3763424 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-37634242013-09-05 Clinical Investigation of the Role of Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 in the Evolution of Prostate Cancer Goldstein, Robert Hanley, Charles Morris, Jonathan Cahill, Declan Chandra, Ashish Harper, Peter Chowdhury, Simon Maher, John Burbridge, Sophie Cancers (Basel) Article Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men, both in the USA and Europe. Although incurable, metastatic disease can often be controlled for years with anti-androgen therapy. Once the disease becomes castrate resistant, the median survival is 18 months. There is growing evidence that the immune system, and in particular cytokines, play an important role in prostate cancer immunosurveillance and progression. Here, we have undertaken a clinical investigation of the role of two closely related cytokines, IL-4 and IL-13 in prostate cancer. In the largest series studied to date, we show that serum IL-4, but not IL-13 is significantly elevated in castrate resistant, compared to androgen sensitive disease. Notably however, serum IL-4 levels are also raised in patients with benign prostatic disease. Analysis of benign and malignant prostate tissue demonstrates that the source of IL-4 is epithelial cells rather than infiltrating leukocytes. Together, our data are consistent with a dual role for IL-4 in prostate cancer development. In benign disease, our data add to the evidence that IL-4 serves a protective role. By contrast, the data support a direct role for IL-4 in the progression of prostate cancer from androgen responsive, to advanced castrate-resistant disease. Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) 2011-12-16 /pmc/articles/PMC3763424/ /pubmed/24213139 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers3044281 Text en © 2011 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) |
spellingShingle | Article Goldstein, Robert Hanley, Charles Morris, Jonathan Cahill, Declan Chandra, Ashish Harper, Peter Chowdhury, Simon Maher, John Burbridge, Sophie Clinical Investigation of the Role of Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 in the Evolution of Prostate Cancer |
title | Clinical Investigation of the Role of Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 in the Evolution of Prostate Cancer |
title_full | Clinical Investigation of the Role of Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 in the Evolution of Prostate Cancer |
title_fullStr | Clinical Investigation of the Role of Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 in the Evolution of Prostate Cancer |
title_full_unstemmed | Clinical Investigation of the Role of Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 in the Evolution of Prostate Cancer |
title_short | Clinical Investigation of the Role of Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 in the Evolution of Prostate Cancer |
title_sort | clinical investigation of the role of interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 in the evolution of prostate cancer |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3763424/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24213139 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers3044281 |
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