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Anxiety, Affect, Self-Esteem, and Stress: Mediation and Moderation Effects on Depression
BACKGROUND: Mediation analysis investigates whether a variable (i.e., mediator) changes in regard to an independent variable, in turn, affecting a dependent variable. Moderation analysis, on the other hand, investigates whether the statistical interaction between independent variables predict a depe...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3767811/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24039896 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073265 |
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author | Nima, Ali Al Rosenberg, Patricia Archer, Trevor Garcia, Danilo |
author_facet | Nima, Ali Al Rosenberg, Patricia Archer, Trevor Garcia, Danilo |
author_sort | Nima, Ali Al |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Mediation analysis investigates whether a variable (i.e., mediator) changes in regard to an independent variable, in turn, affecting a dependent variable. Moderation analysis, on the other hand, investigates whether the statistical interaction between independent variables predict a dependent variable. Although this difference between these two types of analysis is explicit in current literature, there is still confusion with regard to the mediating and moderating effects of different variables on depression. The purpose of this study was to assess the mediating and moderating effects of anxiety, stress, positive affect, and negative affect on depression. METHODS: Two hundred and two university students (males = 93, females = 113) completed questionnaires assessing anxiety, stress, self-esteem, positive and negative affect, and depression. Mediation and moderation analyses were conducted using techniques based on standard multiple regression and hierarchical regression analyses. MAIN FINDINGS: The results indicated that (i) anxiety partially mediated the effects of both stress and self-esteem upon depression, (ii) that stress partially mediated the effects of anxiety and positive affect upon depression, (iii) that stress completely mediated the effects of self-esteem on depression, and (iv) that there was a significant interaction between stress and negative affect, and between positive affect and negative affect upon depression. CONCLUSION: The study highlights different research questions that can be investigated depending on whether researchers decide to use the same variables as mediators and/or moderators. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3767811 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-37678112013-09-13 Anxiety, Affect, Self-Esteem, and Stress: Mediation and Moderation Effects on Depression Nima, Ali Al Rosenberg, Patricia Archer, Trevor Garcia, Danilo PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Mediation analysis investigates whether a variable (i.e., mediator) changes in regard to an independent variable, in turn, affecting a dependent variable. Moderation analysis, on the other hand, investigates whether the statistical interaction between independent variables predict a dependent variable. Although this difference between these two types of analysis is explicit in current literature, there is still confusion with regard to the mediating and moderating effects of different variables on depression. The purpose of this study was to assess the mediating and moderating effects of anxiety, stress, positive affect, and negative affect on depression. METHODS: Two hundred and two university students (males = 93, females = 113) completed questionnaires assessing anxiety, stress, self-esteem, positive and negative affect, and depression. Mediation and moderation analyses were conducted using techniques based on standard multiple regression and hierarchical regression analyses. MAIN FINDINGS: The results indicated that (i) anxiety partially mediated the effects of both stress and self-esteem upon depression, (ii) that stress partially mediated the effects of anxiety and positive affect upon depression, (iii) that stress completely mediated the effects of self-esteem on depression, and (iv) that there was a significant interaction between stress and negative affect, and between positive affect and negative affect upon depression. CONCLUSION: The study highlights different research questions that can be investigated depending on whether researchers decide to use the same variables as mediators and/or moderators. Public Library of Science 2013-09-09 /pmc/articles/PMC3767811/ /pubmed/24039896 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073265 Text en © 2013 Nima et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Nima, Ali Al Rosenberg, Patricia Archer, Trevor Garcia, Danilo Anxiety, Affect, Self-Esteem, and Stress: Mediation and Moderation Effects on Depression |
title | Anxiety, Affect, Self-Esteem, and Stress: Mediation and Moderation Effects on Depression |
title_full | Anxiety, Affect, Self-Esteem, and Stress: Mediation and Moderation Effects on Depression |
title_fullStr | Anxiety, Affect, Self-Esteem, and Stress: Mediation and Moderation Effects on Depression |
title_full_unstemmed | Anxiety, Affect, Self-Esteem, and Stress: Mediation and Moderation Effects on Depression |
title_short | Anxiety, Affect, Self-Esteem, and Stress: Mediation and Moderation Effects on Depression |
title_sort | anxiety, affect, self-esteem, and stress: mediation and moderation effects on depression |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3767811/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24039896 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073265 |
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