Seasonality and host preference of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of five plant species in the inner mongolia steppe, china

The seasonal change and host preference of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization and community composition of five common plant species Agropyron cristatum, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Cleistogenes squarrosa, Leymus chinensis, and Stipa grandis in the Inner Mongolia steppe were investigated. The AM root length colonization rates were different among the five plant species and were generally high in early (May and June) and late (September) growth seasons and low in August. A total of 18 AM fungal species representing five genera were isolated from rhizosphere soils of the five plant species, and most AM fungi had not host specificity, except that Acaulospora sp., Glomus constrictum, G. diaphanum and Glomus sp. showed a certain degree of host preference. Glomus albidum, G. etunicatum and G. geosporum were the dominant species and showed various sporulation patterns in the five plants during the growth seasons. The AM fungal spore densities and species richness increased from May to September and decreased in October and were different in the same month in the five plants. Multivariate analyses revealed that season and host significantly co-affected the AM fungal spore density, species richness, and Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and the season had higher influence than the host.