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Tracing the Origin and Northward Dissemination Dynamics of HIV-1 Subtype C in Brazil
Previous studies indicate that the HIV-1 subtype C epidemic in southern Brazil was initiated by the introduction of a single founder strain probably originating from east Africa. However, the exact country of origin of such a founder strain as well as the origin of the subtype C viruses detected out...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3771961/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24069269 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074072 |
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author | Delatorre, Edson Couto-Fernandez, José C. Guimarães, Monick Lindenmayer Vaz Cardoso, Ludimila Paula de Alcantara, Keila Correia Martins de Araújo Stefani, Mariane Romero, Hector Freire, Caio C. M. Iamarino, Atila de A Zanotto, Paolo M. Morgado, Mariza G. Bello, Gonzalo |
author_facet | Delatorre, Edson Couto-Fernandez, José C. Guimarães, Monick Lindenmayer Vaz Cardoso, Ludimila Paula de Alcantara, Keila Correia Martins de Araújo Stefani, Mariane Romero, Hector Freire, Caio C. M. Iamarino, Atila de A Zanotto, Paolo M. Morgado, Mariza G. Bello, Gonzalo |
author_sort | Delatorre, Edson |
collection | PubMed |
description | Previous studies indicate that the HIV-1 subtype C epidemic in southern Brazil was initiated by the introduction of a single founder strain probably originating from east Africa. However, the exact country of origin of such a founder strain as well as the origin of the subtype C viruses detected outside the Brazilian southern region remains unknown. HIV-1 subtype C pol sequences isolated in the southern, southeastern and central-western Brazilian regions (n = 209) were compared with a large number (n ~ 2,000) of subtype C pol sequences of African origin. Maximum-likelihood analyses revealed that most HIV-1 subtype C Brazilian sequences branched in a single monophyletic clade (C(BR-I)), nested within a larger monophyletic lineage characteristic of east Africa. Bayesian analyses indicate that the C(BR-I) clade most probably originated in Burundi and was introduced into the Paraná state (southern region) around the middle 1970s, after which it rapidly disseminated to neighboring regions. The states of Paraná and Santa Catarina have been the most important hubs of subtype C dissemination, and routine travel and spatial accessibility seems to have been the major driving forces of this process. Five additional introductions of HIV-1 subtype C strains probably originated in eastern (n = 2), southern (n = 2) and central (n = 1) African countries were detected in the Rio de Janeiro state (southeastern region). These results indicate a continuous influx of HIV-1 subtype C strains of African origin into Brazil and also unveil the existence of unrecognized transmission networks linking this country to east Africa. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3771961 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-37719612013-09-25 Tracing the Origin and Northward Dissemination Dynamics of HIV-1 Subtype C in Brazil Delatorre, Edson Couto-Fernandez, José C. Guimarães, Monick Lindenmayer Vaz Cardoso, Ludimila Paula de Alcantara, Keila Correia Martins de Araújo Stefani, Mariane Romero, Hector Freire, Caio C. M. Iamarino, Atila de A Zanotto, Paolo M. Morgado, Mariza G. Bello, Gonzalo PLoS One Research Article Previous studies indicate that the HIV-1 subtype C epidemic in southern Brazil was initiated by the introduction of a single founder strain probably originating from east Africa. However, the exact country of origin of such a founder strain as well as the origin of the subtype C viruses detected outside the Brazilian southern region remains unknown. HIV-1 subtype C pol sequences isolated in the southern, southeastern and central-western Brazilian regions (n = 209) were compared with a large number (n ~ 2,000) of subtype C pol sequences of African origin. Maximum-likelihood analyses revealed that most HIV-1 subtype C Brazilian sequences branched in a single monophyletic clade (C(BR-I)), nested within a larger monophyletic lineage characteristic of east Africa. Bayesian analyses indicate that the C(BR-I) clade most probably originated in Burundi and was introduced into the Paraná state (southern region) around the middle 1970s, after which it rapidly disseminated to neighboring regions. The states of Paraná and Santa Catarina have been the most important hubs of subtype C dissemination, and routine travel and spatial accessibility seems to have been the major driving forces of this process. Five additional introductions of HIV-1 subtype C strains probably originated in eastern (n = 2), southern (n = 2) and central (n = 1) African countries were detected in the Rio de Janeiro state (southeastern region). These results indicate a continuous influx of HIV-1 subtype C strains of African origin into Brazil and also unveil the existence of unrecognized transmission networks linking this country to east Africa. Public Library of Science 2013-09-12 /pmc/articles/PMC3771961/ /pubmed/24069269 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074072 Text en © 2013 Delatorre et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Delatorre, Edson Couto-Fernandez, José C. Guimarães, Monick Lindenmayer Vaz Cardoso, Ludimila Paula de Alcantara, Keila Correia Martins de Araújo Stefani, Mariane Romero, Hector Freire, Caio C. M. Iamarino, Atila de A Zanotto, Paolo M. Morgado, Mariza G. Bello, Gonzalo Tracing the Origin and Northward Dissemination Dynamics of HIV-1 Subtype C in Brazil |
title | Tracing the Origin and Northward Dissemination Dynamics of HIV-1 Subtype C in Brazil |
title_full | Tracing the Origin and Northward Dissemination Dynamics of HIV-1 Subtype C in Brazil |
title_fullStr | Tracing the Origin and Northward Dissemination Dynamics of HIV-1 Subtype C in Brazil |
title_full_unstemmed | Tracing the Origin and Northward Dissemination Dynamics of HIV-1 Subtype C in Brazil |
title_short | Tracing the Origin and Northward Dissemination Dynamics of HIV-1 Subtype C in Brazil |
title_sort | tracing the origin and northward dissemination dynamics of hiv-1 subtype c in brazil |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3771961/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24069269 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074072 |
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