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Prevalence of, and risk factors for, HIV, hepatitis B and C infections among men who inject image and performance enhancing drugs: a cross-sectional study
OBJECTIVE: To describe drug use, sexual risks and the prevalence of blood-borne viral infections among men who inject image and performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs). DESIGN: A voluntary unlinked-anonymous cross-sectional biobehavioural survey. SETTING: 19 needle and syringe programmes across England...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BMJ Publishing Group
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3773656/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24030866 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003207 |
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author | Hope, Vivian D McVeigh, Jim Marongiu, Andrea Evans-Brown, Michael Smith, Josie Kimergård, Andreas Croxford, Sara Beynon, Caryl M Parry, John V Bellis, Mark A Ncube, Fortune |
author_facet | Hope, Vivian D McVeigh, Jim Marongiu, Andrea Evans-Brown, Michael Smith, Josie Kimergård, Andreas Croxford, Sara Beynon, Caryl M Parry, John V Bellis, Mark A Ncube, Fortune |
author_sort | Hope, Vivian D |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: To describe drug use, sexual risks and the prevalence of blood-borne viral infections among men who inject image and performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs). DESIGN: A voluntary unlinked-anonymous cross-sectional biobehavioural survey. SETTING: 19 needle and syringe programmes across England and Wales. PARTICIPANTS: 395 men who had injected IPEDs. RESULTS: Of the participants (median age 28 years), 36% had used IPEDs for <5 years. Anabolic steroids (86%), growth hormone (32%) and human chorionic gonadotropin (16%) were most frequently injected, with 88% injecting intramuscularly and 39% subcutaneously. Two-thirds also used IPEDs orally. Recent psychoactive drug use was common (46% cocaine, 12% amphetamine), 5% had ever injected a psychoactive drug and 9% had shared injecting equipment. ‘Viagra/Cialis’ was used by 7%, with 89% reporting anal/vaginal sex in the preceding year (20% had 5+ female-partners, 3% male-partners) and 13% always using condoms. Overall, 1.5% had HIV, 9% had antibodies to the hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) and 5% to hepatitis C (anti-HCV). In multivariate analysis, having HIV was associated with: seeking advice from a sexual health clinic; having had an injection site abscess/wound; and having male partners. After excluding those reporting male partners or injecting psychoactive drugs, 0.8% had HIV, 8% anti-HBc and 5% anti-HCV. Only 23% reported uptake of the hepatitis B vaccine, and diagnostic testing uptake was poor (31% for HIV, 22% for hepatitis C). CONCLUSIONS: Previous prevalence studies had not found HIV among IPED injectors. HIV prevalence in this, the largest study of blood-borne viruses among IPED injectors, was similar to that among injectors of psychoactive drugs. Findings indicate a need for targeted interventions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3773656 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-37736562013-09-16 Prevalence of, and risk factors for, HIV, hepatitis B and C infections among men who inject image and performance enhancing drugs: a cross-sectional study Hope, Vivian D McVeigh, Jim Marongiu, Andrea Evans-Brown, Michael Smith, Josie Kimergård, Andreas Croxford, Sara Beynon, Caryl M Parry, John V Bellis, Mark A Ncube, Fortune BMJ Open HIV/AIDS OBJECTIVE: To describe drug use, sexual risks and the prevalence of blood-borne viral infections among men who inject image and performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs). DESIGN: A voluntary unlinked-anonymous cross-sectional biobehavioural survey. SETTING: 19 needle and syringe programmes across England and Wales. PARTICIPANTS: 395 men who had injected IPEDs. RESULTS: Of the participants (median age 28 years), 36% had used IPEDs for <5 years. Anabolic steroids (86%), growth hormone (32%) and human chorionic gonadotropin (16%) were most frequently injected, with 88% injecting intramuscularly and 39% subcutaneously. Two-thirds also used IPEDs orally. Recent psychoactive drug use was common (46% cocaine, 12% amphetamine), 5% had ever injected a psychoactive drug and 9% had shared injecting equipment. ‘Viagra/Cialis’ was used by 7%, with 89% reporting anal/vaginal sex in the preceding year (20% had 5+ female-partners, 3% male-partners) and 13% always using condoms. Overall, 1.5% had HIV, 9% had antibodies to the hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) and 5% to hepatitis C (anti-HCV). In multivariate analysis, having HIV was associated with: seeking advice from a sexual health clinic; having had an injection site abscess/wound; and having male partners. After excluding those reporting male partners or injecting psychoactive drugs, 0.8% had HIV, 8% anti-HBc and 5% anti-HCV. Only 23% reported uptake of the hepatitis B vaccine, and diagnostic testing uptake was poor (31% for HIV, 22% for hepatitis C). CONCLUSIONS: Previous prevalence studies had not found HIV among IPED injectors. HIV prevalence in this, the largest study of blood-borne viruses among IPED injectors, was similar to that among injectors of psychoactive drugs. Findings indicate a need for targeted interventions. BMJ Publishing Group 2013-09-10 /pmc/articles/PMC3773656/ /pubmed/24030866 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003207 Text en Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 3.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
spellingShingle | HIV/AIDS Hope, Vivian D McVeigh, Jim Marongiu, Andrea Evans-Brown, Michael Smith, Josie Kimergård, Andreas Croxford, Sara Beynon, Caryl M Parry, John V Bellis, Mark A Ncube, Fortune Prevalence of, and risk factors for, HIV, hepatitis B and C infections among men who inject image and performance enhancing drugs: a cross-sectional study |
title | Prevalence of, and risk factors for, HIV, hepatitis B and C infections among men who inject image and performance enhancing drugs: a cross-sectional study |
title_full | Prevalence of, and risk factors for, HIV, hepatitis B and C infections among men who inject image and performance enhancing drugs: a cross-sectional study |
title_fullStr | Prevalence of, and risk factors for, HIV, hepatitis B and C infections among men who inject image and performance enhancing drugs: a cross-sectional study |
title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of, and risk factors for, HIV, hepatitis B and C infections among men who inject image and performance enhancing drugs: a cross-sectional study |
title_short | Prevalence of, and risk factors for, HIV, hepatitis B and C infections among men who inject image and performance enhancing drugs: a cross-sectional study |
title_sort | prevalence of, and risk factors for, hiv, hepatitis b and c infections among men who inject image and performance enhancing drugs: a cross-sectional study |
topic | HIV/AIDS |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3773656/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24030866 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003207 |
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