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Case-Control Study of Arsenic in Drinking Water and Lung Cancer in California and Nevada
Millions of people are exposed to arsenic in drinking water, which at high concentrations is known to cause lung cancer in humans. At lower concentrations, the risks are unknown. We enrolled 196 lung cancer cases and 359 controls matched on age and gender from western Nevada and Kings County, Califo...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3774440/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23917816 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10083310 |
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author | Dauphiné, David C. Smith, Allan H. Yuan, Yan Balmes, John R. Bates, Michael N. Steinmaus, Craig |
author_facet | Dauphiné, David C. Smith, Allan H. Yuan, Yan Balmes, John R. Bates, Michael N. Steinmaus, Craig |
author_sort | Dauphiné, David C. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Millions of people are exposed to arsenic in drinking water, which at high concentrations is known to cause lung cancer in humans. At lower concentrations, the risks are unknown. We enrolled 196 lung cancer cases and 359 controls matched on age and gender from western Nevada and Kings County, California in 2002–2005. After adjusting for age, sex, education, smoking and occupational exposures, odds ratios for arsenic concentrations ≥85 µg/L (median = 110 µg/L, mean = 173 µg/L, maximum = 1,460 µg/L) more than 40 years before enrollment were 1.39 (95% CI = 0.55–3.53) in all subjects and 1.61 (95% CI = 0.59–4.38) in smokers. Although odds ratios were greater than 1.0, these increases may have been due to chance given the small number of subjects exposed more than 40 years before enrollment. This study, designed before research in Chile suggested arsenic-related cancer latencies of 40 years or more, illustrates the enormous sample sizes needed to identify arsenic-related health effects in low-exposure countries with mobile populations like the U.S. Nonetheless, our findings suggest that concentrations near 100 µg/L are not associated with markedly high relative risks. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3774440 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-37744402013-09-17 Case-Control Study of Arsenic in Drinking Water and Lung Cancer in California and Nevada Dauphiné, David C. Smith, Allan H. Yuan, Yan Balmes, John R. Bates, Michael N. Steinmaus, Craig Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Millions of people are exposed to arsenic in drinking water, which at high concentrations is known to cause lung cancer in humans. At lower concentrations, the risks are unknown. We enrolled 196 lung cancer cases and 359 controls matched on age and gender from western Nevada and Kings County, California in 2002–2005. After adjusting for age, sex, education, smoking and occupational exposures, odds ratios for arsenic concentrations ≥85 µg/L (median = 110 µg/L, mean = 173 µg/L, maximum = 1,460 µg/L) more than 40 years before enrollment were 1.39 (95% CI = 0.55–3.53) in all subjects and 1.61 (95% CI = 0.59–4.38) in smokers. Although odds ratios were greater than 1.0, these increases may have been due to chance given the small number of subjects exposed more than 40 years before enrollment. This study, designed before research in Chile suggested arsenic-related cancer latencies of 40 years or more, illustrates the enormous sample sizes needed to identify arsenic-related health effects in low-exposure countries with mobile populations like the U.S. Nonetheless, our findings suggest that concentrations near 100 µg/L are not associated with markedly high relative risks. MDPI 2013-08-02 2013-08 /pmc/articles/PMC3774440/ /pubmed/23917816 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10083310 Text en © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Dauphiné, David C. Smith, Allan H. Yuan, Yan Balmes, John R. Bates, Michael N. Steinmaus, Craig Case-Control Study of Arsenic in Drinking Water and Lung Cancer in California and Nevada |
title | Case-Control Study of Arsenic in Drinking Water and Lung Cancer in California and Nevada |
title_full | Case-Control Study of Arsenic in Drinking Water and Lung Cancer in California and Nevada |
title_fullStr | Case-Control Study of Arsenic in Drinking Water and Lung Cancer in California and Nevada |
title_full_unstemmed | Case-Control Study of Arsenic in Drinking Water and Lung Cancer in California and Nevada |
title_short | Case-Control Study of Arsenic in Drinking Water and Lung Cancer in California and Nevada |
title_sort | case-control study of arsenic in drinking water and lung cancer in california and nevada |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3774440/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23917816 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10083310 |
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