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Bidirectional Microglia-Neuron Communication in the Healthy Brain
Unlike other resident neural cells that are of neuroectodermal origin, microglia are resident neural cells of mesodermal origin. Traditionally recognized for their immune functions during disease, new roles are being attributed to these cells in the development and maintenance of the central nervous...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3775394/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24078884 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/456857 |
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author | Eyo, Ukpong B. Wu, Long-Jun |
author_facet | Eyo, Ukpong B. Wu, Long-Jun |
author_sort | Eyo, Ukpong B. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Unlike other resident neural cells that are of neuroectodermal origin, microglia are resident neural cells of mesodermal origin. Traditionally recognized for their immune functions during disease, new roles are being attributed to these cells in the development and maintenance of the central nervous system (CNS) including specific communication with neurons. In this review, we highlight some of the recent findings on the bidirectional interaction between neurons and microglia. We discuss these interactions along two lines. First, we review data that suggest that microglial activity is modulated by neuronal signals, focusing on evidence that (i) neurons are capable of regulating microglial activation state and influence basal microglial activities; (ii) classic neurotransmitters affect microglial behavior; (iii) chemotactic signals attract microglia during acute neuronal injury. Next, we discuss some of the recent data on how microglia signal to neurons. Signaling mechanisms include (i) direct physical contact of microglial processes with neuronal elements; (ii) microglial regulation of neuronal synapse and circuit by fractalkine, complement, and DAP12 signaling. In addition, we discuss the use of microglial depletion strategies in studying the role of microglia in neuronal development and synaptic physiology. Deciphering the mechanisms of bidirectional microglial-neuronal communication provides novel insights in understanding microglial function in both the healthy and diseased brain. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3775394 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-37753942013-09-29 Bidirectional Microglia-Neuron Communication in the Healthy Brain Eyo, Ukpong B. Wu, Long-Jun Neural Plast Review Article Unlike other resident neural cells that are of neuroectodermal origin, microglia are resident neural cells of mesodermal origin. Traditionally recognized for their immune functions during disease, new roles are being attributed to these cells in the development and maintenance of the central nervous system (CNS) including specific communication with neurons. In this review, we highlight some of the recent findings on the bidirectional interaction between neurons and microglia. We discuss these interactions along two lines. First, we review data that suggest that microglial activity is modulated by neuronal signals, focusing on evidence that (i) neurons are capable of regulating microglial activation state and influence basal microglial activities; (ii) classic neurotransmitters affect microglial behavior; (iii) chemotactic signals attract microglia during acute neuronal injury. Next, we discuss some of the recent data on how microglia signal to neurons. Signaling mechanisms include (i) direct physical contact of microglial processes with neuronal elements; (ii) microglial regulation of neuronal synapse and circuit by fractalkine, complement, and DAP12 signaling. In addition, we discuss the use of microglial depletion strategies in studying the role of microglia in neuronal development and synaptic physiology. Deciphering the mechanisms of bidirectional microglial-neuronal communication provides novel insights in understanding microglial function in both the healthy and diseased brain. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 2013-09-02 /pmc/articles/PMC3775394/ /pubmed/24078884 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/456857 Text en Copyright © 2013 U. B. Eyo and L.-J. Wu. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Eyo, Ukpong B. Wu, Long-Jun Bidirectional Microglia-Neuron Communication in the Healthy Brain |
title | Bidirectional Microglia-Neuron Communication in the Healthy Brain |
title_full | Bidirectional Microglia-Neuron Communication in the Healthy Brain |
title_fullStr | Bidirectional Microglia-Neuron Communication in the Healthy Brain |
title_full_unstemmed | Bidirectional Microglia-Neuron Communication in the Healthy Brain |
title_short | Bidirectional Microglia-Neuron Communication in the Healthy Brain |
title_sort | bidirectional microglia-neuron communication in the healthy brain |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3775394/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24078884 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/456857 |
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