Cargando…
Compartmentation and complexation of metals in hyperaccumulator plants
Hyperaccumulators are being intensely investigated. They are not only interesting in scientific context due to their “strange” behavior in terms of dealing with high concentrations of metals, but also because of their use in phytoremediation and phytomining, for which understanding the mechanisms of...
Autores principales: | , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2013
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3778397/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24065978 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2013.00374 |
_version_ | 1782285106755403776 |
---|---|
author | Leitenmaier, Barbara Küpper, Hendrik |
author_facet | Leitenmaier, Barbara Küpper, Hendrik |
author_sort | Leitenmaier, Barbara |
collection | PubMed |
description | Hyperaccumulators are being intensely investigated. They are not only interesting in scientific context due to their “strange” behavior in terms of dealing with high concentrations of metals, but also because of their use in phytoremediation and phytomining, for which understanding the mechanisms of hyperaccumulation is crucial. Hyperaccumulators naturally use metal accumulation as a defense against herbivores and pathogens, and therefore deal with accumulated metals in very specific ways of complexation and compartmentation, different from non-hyperaccumulator plants and also non-hyperaccumulated metals. For example, in contrast to non-hyperaccumulators, in hyperaccumulators even the classical phytochelatin-inducing metal, cadmium, is predominantly not bound by such sulfur ligands, but only by weak oxygen ligands. This applies to all hyperaccumulated metals investigated so far, as well as hyperaccumulation of the metalloid arsenic. Stronger ligands, as they have been shown to complex metals in non-hyperaccumulators, are in hyperaccumulators used for transient binding during transport to the storage sites (e.g., nicotianamine) and possibly for export of Cu in Cd/Zn hyperaccumulators [metallothioneins (MTs)]. This confirmed that enhanced active metal transport, and not metal complexation, is the key mechanism of hyperaccumulation. Hyperaccumulators tolerate the high amount of accumulated heavy metals by sequestering them into vacuoles, usually in large storage cells of the epidermis. This is mediated by strongly elevated expression of specific transport proteins in various tissues from metal uptake in the shoots up to the storage sites in the leaf epidermis. However, this mechanism seems to be very metal specific. Non-hyperaccumulated metals in hyperaccumulators seem to be dealt with like in non-hyperaccumulator plants, i.e., detoxified by binding to strong ligands such as MTs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3778397 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-37783972013-09-24 Compartmentation and complexation of metals in hyperaccumulator plants Leitenmaier, Barbara Küpper, Hendrik Front Plant Sci Plant Science Hyperaccumulators are being intensely investigated. They are not only interesting in scientific context due to their “strange” behavior in terms of dealing with high concentrations of metals, but also because of their use in phytoremediation and phytomining, for which understanding the mechanisms of hyperaccumulation is crucial. Hyperaccumulators naturally use metal accumulation as a defense against herbivores and pathogens, and therefore deal with accumulated metals in very specific ways of complexation and compartmentation, different from non-hyperaccumulator plants and also non-hyperaccumulated metals. For example, in contrast to non-hyperaccumulators, in hyperaccumulators even the classical phytochelatin-inducing metal, cadmium, is predominantly not bound by such sulfur ligands, but only by weak oxygen ligands. This applies to all hyperaccumulated metals investigated so far, as well as hyperaccumulation of the metalloid arsenic. Stronger ligands, as they have been shown to complex metals in non-hyperaccumulators, are in hyperaccumulators used for transient binding during transport to the storage sites (e.g., nicotianamine) and possibly for export of Cu in Cd/Zn hyperaccumulators [metallothioneins (MTs)]. This confirmed that enhanced active metal transport, and not metal complexation, is the key mechanism of hyperaccumulation. Hyperaccumulators tolerate the high amount of accumulated heavy metals by sequestering them into vacuoles, usually in large storage cells of the epidermis. This is mediated by strongly elevated expression of specific transport proteins in various tissues from metal uptake in the shoots up to the storage sites in the leaf epidermis. However, this mechanism seems to be very metal specific. Non-hyperaccumulated metals in hyperaccumulators seem to be dealt with like in non-hyperaccumulator plants, i.e., detoxified by binding to strong ligands such as MTs. Frontiers Media S.A. 2013-09-20 /pmc/articles/PMC3778397/ /pubmed/24065978 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2013.00374 Text en Copyright © Leitenmaier and Küpper. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Plant Science Leitenmaier, Barbara Küpper, Hendrik Compartmentation and complexation of metals in hyperaccumulator plants |
title | Compartmentation and complexation of metals in hyperaccumulator plants |
title_full | Compartmentation and complexation of metals in hyperaccumulator plants |
title_fullStr | Compartmentation and complexation of metals in hyperaccumulator plants |
title_full_unstemmed | Compartmentation and complexation of metals in hyperaccumulator plants |
title_short | Compartmentation and complexation of metals in hyperaccumulator plants |
title_sort | compartmentation and complexation of metals in hyperaccumulator plants |
topic | Plant Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3778397/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24065978 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2013.00374 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT leitenmaierbarbara compartmentationandcomplexationofmetalsinhyperaccumulatorplants AT kupperhendrik compartmentationandcomplexationofmetalsinhyperaccumulatorplants |