The effect of amount of lost tooth structure and restorative technique on fracture resistance of endodontically treated premolars

AIM: Endodontic treatment generally reduces the fracture resistance of teeth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance and the mode of fracture of endodontically treated human premolars with different amounts of remaining tooth structure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy non-carious human premolars were randomly assigned into 7 groups. Group 1 (ST) did not receive any preparation. The teeth in groups 2-7 received root canal treatment and different preparations. Group 2 (MO-NF): Mesio-occlusal preparation without filling; Group 3 (MOD-NF): Mesio-occluso-distal preparation without filling; Group 4 (MO-F): Mesio-occlusal preparation with direct composite restoration (Z250); Group 5 (MOD-F): Mesio-occluso-distal preparation with direct composite restoration (Z250); Group 6 (CC-D): Mesio-occluso-distal preparation with cusp reduction and direct composite restoration (Z250); Group 7 (CC-InD): Mesio-occluso-distal preparation with cusp reduction and indirect composite restoration (Gradia GC). The fracture resistance (N) was assessed under compressive load in a universal testing machine (Zwick) perpendicular to the occlusal surface at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/min, and the mode of fracture was assessed under stereomicroscope. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data was analyzed by Kruskal – Wallis and Mann – Whitney tests and the mode of fracture was analyzed by Chi-square test (P < 0.05). RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed that MO and MOD cavity preparations significantly reduced the fracture resistance of sound teeth. Direct composite restorations can improve the fracture resistance, and Groups 7 and 6 presented the highest fracture resistance values. CONCLUSIONS: Teeth with adhesive restorations showed significantly higher fracture resistance values as compared with the non-restored ones.