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Acute Hypoglycemia Impairs Executive Cognitive Function in Adults With and Without Type 1 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE: Acute hypoglycemia impairs cognitive function in several domains. Executive cognitive function governs organization of thoughts, prioritization of tasks, and time management. This study examined the effect of acute hypoglycemia on executive function in adults with and without diabetes. RE...

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Autores principales: Graveling, Alex J., Deary, Ian J., Frier, Brian M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Diabetes Association 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3781527/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23780950
http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc13-0194
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author Graveling, Alex J.
Deary, Ian J.
Frier, Brian M.
author_facet Graveling, Alex J.
Deary, Ian J.
Frier, Brian M.
author_sort Graveling, Alex J.
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: Acute hypoglycemia impairs cognitive function in several domains. Executive cognitive function governs organization of thoughts, prioritization of tasks, and time management. This study examined the effect of acute hypoglycemia on executive function in adults with and without diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Thirty-two adults with and without type 1 diabetes with no vascular complications or impaired awareness of hypoglycemia were studied. Two hyperinsulinemic glucose clamps were performed at least 2 weeks apart in a single-blind, counterbalanced order, maintaining blood glucose at 4.5 mmol/L (euglycemia) or 2.5 mmol/L (hypoglycemia). Executive functions were assessed with a validated test suite (Delis-Kaplan Executive Function). A general linear model (repeated-measures ANOVA) was used. Glycemic condition (euglycemia or hypoglycemia) was the within-participant factor. Between-participant factors were order of session (euglycemia-hypoglycemia or hypoglycemia-euglycemia), test battery used, and diabetes status (with or without diabetes). RESULTS: Compared with euglycemia, executive functions (with one exception) were significantly impaired during hypoglycemia; lower test scores were recorded with more time required for completion. Large Cohen d values (>0.8) suggest that hypoglycemia induces decrements in aspects of executive function with large effect sizes. In some tests, the performance of participants with diabetes was more impaired than those without diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Executive cognitive function, which is necessary to carry out many everyday activities, is impaired during hypoglycemia in adults with and without type 1 diabetes. This important aspect of cognition has not received previous systematic study with respect to hypoglycemia. The effect size is large in terms of both accuracy and speed.
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spelling pubmed-37815272014-10-01 Acute Hypoglycemia Impairs Executive Cognitive Function in Adults With and Without Type 1 Diabetes Graveling, Alex J. Deary, Ian J. Frier, Brian M. Diabetes Care Original Research OBJECTIVE: Acute hypoglycemia impairs cognitive function in several domains. Executive cognitive function governs organization of thoughts, prioritization of tasks, and time management. This study examined the effect of acute hypoglycemia on executive function in adults with and without diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Thirty-two adults with and without type 1 diabetes with no vascular complications or impaired awareness of hypoglycemia were studied. Two hyperinsulinemic glucose clamps were performed at least 2 weeks apart in a single-blind, counterbalanced order, maintaining blood glucose at 4.5 mmol/L (euglycemia) or 2.5 mmol/L (hypoglycemia). Executive functions were assessed with a validated test suite (Delis-Kaplan Executive Function). A general linear model (repeated-measures ANOVA) was used. Glycemic condition (euglycemia or hypoglycemia) was the within-participant factor. Between-participant factors were order of session (euglycemia-hypoglycemia or hypoglycemia-euglycemia), test battery used, and diabetes status (with or without diabetes). RESULTS: Compared with euglycemia, executive functions (with one exception) were significantly impaired during hypoglycemia; lower test scores were recorded with more time required for completion. Large Cohen d values (>0.8) suggest that hypoglycemia induces decrements in aspects of executive function with large effect sizes. In some tests, the performance of participants with diabetes was more impaired than those without diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Executive cognitive function, which is necessary to carry out many everyday activities, is impaired during hypoglycemia in adults with and without type 1 diabetes. This important aspect of cognition has not received previous systematic study with respect to hypoglycemia. The effect size is large in terms of both accuracy and speed. American Diabetes Association 2013-10 2013-09-14 /pmc/articles/PMC3781527/ /pubmed/23780950 http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc13-0194 Text en © 2013 by the American Diabetes Association. Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ for details.
spellingShingle Original Research
Graveling, Alex J.
Deary, Ian J.
Frier, Brian M.
Acute Hypoglycemia Impairs Executive Cognitive Function in Adults With and Without Type 1 Diabetes
title Acute Hypoglycemia Impairs Executive Cognitive Function in Adults With and Without Type 1 Diabetes
title_full Acute Hypoglycemia Impairs Executive Cognitive Function in Adults With and Without Type 1 Diabetes
title_fullStr Acute Hypoglycemia Impairs Executive Cognitive Function in Adults With and Without Type 1 Diabetes
title_full_unstemmed Acute Hypoglycemia Impairs Executive Cognitive Function in Adults With and Without Type 1 Diabetes
title_short Acute Hypoglycemia Impairs Executive Cognitive Function in Adults With and Without Type 1 Diabetes
title_sort acute hypoglycemia impairs executive cognitive function in adults with and without type 1 diabetes
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3781527/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23780950
http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc13-0194
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