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The Acoela: on their kind and kinships, especially with nemertodermatids and xenoturbellids (Bilateria incertae sedis)
Acoels are among the simplest worms and therefore have often been pivotal in discussions of the origin of the Bilateria. Initially thought primitive because of their “planula-like” morphology, including their lumenless digestive system, they were subsequently dismissed by many morphologists as a spe...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer-Verlag
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3789126/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24098090 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-012-0112-4 |
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author | Achatz, Johannes G. Chiodin, Marta Salvenmoser, Willi Tyler, Seth Martinez, Pedro |
author_facet | Achatz, Johannes G. Chiodin, Marta Salvenmoser, Willi Tyler, Seth Martinez, Pedro |
author_sort | Achatz, Johannes G. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Acoels are among the simplest worms and therefore have often been pivotal in discussions of the origin of the Bilateria. Initially thought primitive because of their “planula-like” morphology, including their lumenless digestive system, they were subsequently dismissed by many morphologists as a specialized clade of the Platyhelminthes. However, since molecular phylogenies placed them outside the Platyhelminthes and outside all other phyla at the base of the Bilateria, they became the focus of renewed debate and research. We review what is currently known of acoels, including information regarding their morphology, development, systematics, and phylogenetic relationships, and put some of these topics in a historical perspective to show how the application of new methods contributed to the progress in understanding these animals. Taking all available data into consideration, clear-cut conclusions cannot be made; however, in our view it becomes successively clearer that acoelomorphs are a “basal” but “divergent” branch of the Bilateria. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3789126 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Springer-Verlag |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-37891262013-12-01 The Acoela: on their kind and kinships, especially with nemertodermatids and xenoturbellids (Bilateria incertae sedis) Achatz, Johannes G. Chiodin, Marta Salvenmoser, Willi Tyler, Seth Martinez, Pedro Org Divers Evol Review Acoels are among the simplest worms and therefore have often been pivotal in discussions of the origin of the Bilateria. Initially thought primitive because of their “planula-like” morphology, including their lumenless digestive system, they were subsequently dismissed by many morphologists as a specialized clade of the Platyhelminthes. However, since molecular phylogenies placed them outside the Platyhelminthes and outside all other phyla at the base of the Bilateria, they became the focus of renewed debate and research. We review what is currently known of acoels, including information regarding their morphology, development, systematics, and phylogenetic relationships, and put some of these topics in a historical perspective to show how the application of new methods contributed to the progress in understanding these animals. Taking all available data into consideration, clear-cut conclusions cannot be made; however, in our view it becomes successively clearer that acoelomorphs are a “basal” but “divergent” branch of the Bilateria. Springer-Verlag 2012-09-29 2013 /pmc/articles/PMC3789126/ /pubmed/24098090 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-012-0112-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Review Achatz, Johannes G. Chiodin, Marta Salvenmoser, Willi Tyler, Seth Martinez, Pedro The Acoela: on their kind and kinships, especially with nemertodermatids and xenoturbellids (Bilateria incertae sedis) |
title | The Acoela: on their kind and kinships, especially with nemertodermatids and xenoturbellids (Bilateria incertae sedis) |
title_full | The Acoela: on their kind and kinships, especially with nemertodermatids and xenoturbellids (Bilateria incertae sedis) |
title_fullStr | The Acoela: on their kind and kinships, especially with nemertodermatids and xenoturbellids (Bilateria incertae sedis) |
title_full_unstemmed | The Acoela: on their kind and kinships, especially with nemertodermatids and xenoturbellids (Bilateria incertae sedis) |
title_short | The Acoela: on their kind and kinships, especially with nemertodermatids and xenoturbellids (Bilateria incertae sedis) |
title_sort | acoela: on their kind and kinships, especially with nemertodermatids and xenoturbellids (bilateria incertae sedis) |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3789126/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24098090 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-012-0112-4 |
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