Altered Expression of Two-Pore Domain Potassium (K(2P)) Channels in Cancer

Potassium channels have become a focus in cancer biology as they play roles in cell behaviours associated with cancer progression, including proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Two-pore domain (K(2P)) potassium channels are background channels which enable the leak of potassium ions from cells. As these channels are open at rest they have a profound effect on cellular membrane potential and subsequently the electrical activity and behaviour of cells in which they are expressed. The K(2P) family of channels has 15 mammalian members and already 4 members of this family (K(2P)2.1, K(2P)3.1, K(2P)9.1, K(2P)5.1) have been implicated in cancer. Here we examine the expression of all 15 members of the K(2P) family of channels in a range of cancer types. This was achieved using the online cancer microarray database, Oncomine (www.oncomine.org). Each gene was examined across 20 cancer types, comparing mRNA expression in cancer to normal tissue. This analysis revealed all but 3 K(2P) family members (K(2P)4.1, K(2P)16.1, K(2P)18.1) show altered expression in cancer. Overexpression of K(2P) channels was observed in a range of cancers including breast, leukaemia and lung while more cancers (brain, colorectal, gastrointestinal, kidney, lung, melanoma, oesophageal) showed underexpression of one or more channels. K(2P)1.1, K(2P)3.1, K(2P)12.1, were overexpressed in a range of cancers. While K(2P)1.1, K(2P)3.1, K(2P)5.1, K(2P)6.1, K(2P)7.1 and K(2P)10.1 showed significant underexpression across the cancer types examined. This analysis supports the view that specific K(2P) channels may play a role in cancer biology. Their altered expression together with their ability to impact the function of other ion channels and their sensitivity to environmental stimuli (pO2, pH, glucose, stretch) makes understanding the role these channels play in cancer of key importance.